Ген карликовости Rht5, чувствительный к гиббереллину, снижает высоту растений, не влияя на ранний рост. В данном исследовании изучалось влияние гена карликовости Rht5 на некоторые агрономические признаки, длину колеоптиля и характеристики семян в популяции F4, полученной в результате скрещивания сортов Marj12 (полукарликовый, Rht5) и Scholar (высокорослый). Генотипы гибридов F4 были проверены с использованием SSR-маркера BARC102, сцепленного с геном Rht5, и идентифицированы карликовые, высокорослые и гетерозиготные особи. Дисперсионный анализ в популяции F4 показал высокозначимые различия между линиями по всем изученным признакам, что свидетельствует о наличии генетических различий по всем признакам между ними. В целом ген карликовости Rht5 был связан с уменьшением высоты растения и длины подколосового междоузлия на 25,44 и 22,28 % соответственно, а также с уменьшением длины колоса, количества колосков и зерен в колосе. У высоких линий наблюдались более высокие значения массы зерна, ширины и длины семян по сравнению с карликовыми линиями. Ген карликовости Rht5 увеличил длину колеоптиля на 6,03 % у карликовых линий, а также количество первичных корней и длину первого листа. Результаты исследования могут помочь в правильном использовании гена карликовости Rht5 в селекционных программах для изменения высоты растения и длины колеоптиля у пшеницы.

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