Transformation of the national business system of the Republic of Belarus in the digital economy expands the capabilities of business entities in the field of production and sales. As part of sustainable economic development, the agroindustrial complex (AIC) is designed not only to create the necessary reserves of food products and agricultural raw materials to increase the level of food supply, but also to ensure their effective promotion to the domestic and foreign markets, taking into account consumer demand. At the same time, as world experience shows, as digitalization process management tools are introduced, there is a need to transform the production and marketing system (PMS) of AIC of the Republic of Belarus based on scientifically based approaches to building new configurations. The paper defines the essence, patterns and principles of formation of the modern PMS, which made it possible, taking into account international practice, to highlight the features of the organization and management of distribution channels for agricultural products in conditions of digital economy. Analysis of the PMS functioning and the market infrastructure of AIC in the Republic of Belarus has been carried out, and the level of digital development of agricultural organizations has been assessed based on an integral indicator that includes indices of growth of intangible assets, cost of fixed assets, added value and reduction of labor intensity of the main types of pro ducts. In addition, a mechanism has been developed to improve the organization of production and the system for managing product distribution channels based on digitalization, including the concept of creating wholesale distribution centers (WDC) to expand economic interaction between entities based on public-and-private partnerships. Practical implementation of the obtained results will contribute to formation of new supply chains, development of digital and analytical platforms, changes in trade models, ensuring transformation of internal relationships between entities of the PMS of AIC and diversification of product distribution channels through electronic trading platforms, WDCs, and marketplaces.

At present, there is an active introduction of F₁ winter rye hybrids into agricultural production in the Republic of Belarus. Over the past seven years, the share of F₁ rye hybrids has increased from 1 to 12 % of the total sown area of  this crop. Due to the effect of heterosis in the first generation, hybrids can be 15–20 % higher in yield than population varieties. At the same time, it must be taken into account that such an excess can only be achieved with strict adherence to all elements of cultivation technology. The paper describes the state of breeding of F₁ winter rye hybrids in Belarus, and the basic requirements for their effective cultivation in the conditions of agricultural enterprises in Belarus. Methods of parental components multiplication and obtaining seeds of linear-population F₁ hybrids are presented. The risks and yield losses when growing winter rye hybrids in the F₂ generation are shown. Using the reserve for increasing productivity due to the effect of heterosis in F₁ hybrids in the conditions of Belarus is especially important in the Grodno, winter rye hybrids. The recommended sowing area for F₁ hybrids in Belarus, taking into account both the current structure of sown areas and soil and climatic conditions, should be about 10–12 % of the total area of winter rye.

It has been determined that in the conditions of Belarus, the formed complex of phytophags in winter barley crops includes 49 species belonging to 28 genera, 19 families, and 7 orders. The most harmful objects during the years of research (2023–2024) were multivorous pests – click beetles (Athoinae and Elaterinae), of intra-stem pests – Oscinella pusilla Mg., leaf-eaters – Oulema melanopus L. and Dolerus niger L., sucking pests – Aelia acuminata L. The conjugation of development of dominant phytophagous species with phenology of winter barley has been specified: during germination – sprouting, the damage is caused by click beetles; leaf development – Swedish flies, cicadas; flag leaf – earing – barley leaf beetle and leaf sawflies; flowering – beginning of grain formation – Swedish flies of summer generation, species of bugs and aphids. New species of pests in agrocenoses were revealed: Trachelus troglodyta Fabr., Cephus pygmaeus L. and Delia coarctata Fall. It has been proved that in agrocenoses of the crop the damage caused by click beetles is significant, with the reduction of their harmfulness, 2.7 % of grain yield was saved. During the vegetation period, reduction of damage to plants by Swedish flies in special experiments allowed to save 2.9 % of winter barley grain, the amount of barley leaf beetle – 3.3 %. For the first time, a high harmfulness rate of bugs was noted – 20.5 % of grain was saved. Relative pest harmfulness coefficients were specified and harmfulness coefficients for adult bed bugs were calculated for the first time, which made it possible to establish EFV of dominant species of phytophags. It was revealed that the winter barley varieties under study were infested and damaged by pests, but the intensity of damage and their density in the crop of each variety differed. High efficiency of insecticides was noted used both by pre-sowing seed treatment (85.3–87.5 %) and by spraying the crops during the vegetation period (87.1–100.0 %) with 1.6–4.5 % of grain saved. At application of insecticide, the number of bugs decreased by 89.3–99.4 %, up to 34.3 % of grain was saved.

The research object are the genes: CAST (specific inhibitor of calpain), GH (growth hormone gene) and GDF9 (expressed in oocytes and necessary for ovarian folliculogenesis). The research subject is the genetic structure of second­generation crossbreeds of small ruminants. The aim of the research is to study genetic polymorphism in crossbreeds of small ruminants. The scientific novelty consisted in the study of allelic variants of genes through genotyping of crossbred rams of the F2 generation in the conditions of the Republic of Dagestan. The following has been used for the research: gel electrophoresis method; PCR­RFLP method – for the purpose of genotyping the studied sample by the GH, GDF9 and CAST genes. Genetic and statistical analysis was carried out using a standard set of formulas. Polymorphism of the CAST gene was represented by the M allele with a high (0.9) and the N allele with a low (0.1) frequency occurrence. Homozygous genotypes CAST^MM and CAST^NN, as well as heterozygous CAST^MN were distributed in the following ratio: 86.6; 6.7; 6.7 % respectively. The peculiarity of the allelic spectrum of the GH gene, represented by two alleles and two genotypes – GH^A and GH^B, GH^AA and GH^AB, was expressed in a lower frequency of occurrence of the GH^A allele of GH^AA genotype, which amounted to 0.8 and 80 %, respectively. In the studied sample, when studying the polymorphism of the GDF9 gene locus, it has been determined that the frequency of occurrence of GDF9^G allele was 1.7 times higher than the frequency of occurrence of GDF9^A allele (0.37). As a result of the research, polymorphism of genes with different frequencies of occurrence was established. Analysis of the structure of the studied genes revealed significant genotypes in terms of breeding for targeted selection. In the sample of the studied se condgeneration crossbred cattle, the significant genotypes in terms of breeding are CAST^NN, GH^BB, GDF9^AA.

The analysis of influence of the most significant natural-and-climatic and other factors (the level of soil moisture during periods of active growth of green mass, emergence of sets, berry ripening; the impact of return spring frosts; the quality of mineral fertilizers application; chemical protection of plants on checks from weeds, pests and diseases) on the efficiency and safety of industrial cultivation of large-fruited cranberries in the conditions of changing parameters of the production environment has been carried out. On the basis of logical-and-linguistic approach, a mathematical model of influence of the considered factors on potential biological yield of berries in conditions of changing state of industrial environment has been developed. It has been determined that the most important for the effective functioning of industrial cranberry checks is the factor of “chemical protection of plants”. It has been established that under conditions of meeting the required indicators of water-and-air and thermal modes of soil on the checks in case of non-observance of agro-timing, violation of dosage and uniformity indicators of chemical plant protection products and mineral fertilizers application, the losses of berries can make over 30 % of the yield.

To speed up the olive harvesting process, a tractor-driven olive harvesting machine was designed and manufactured at the Institute of Agricultural Engineering (AEI), Islamabad. This newly developed equipment was tested on the Bari Zaitoon-I cultivar for its performance evaluation. This innovative technology has proven valuable in efficiently replacing expensive manual harvesting operations with timely and economic alternative. It was experimentally evaluated at different PTO speeds, stroke lengths (SL), and vertical clamp positions (CP) on the tree to find the harvested and leftover fruit (%) and field capacity (trees/h) of the machine. Data collected was statistically analyzed by using “Statistix 8.1” software at a 5 % le vel of probability. The best results were recorded as 92.4 % harvested fruit, 7.6 % leftover fruit and 23.6 trees/h field capacity at the PTO speed of 300 rpm along with the stroke length of 10 cm and clamp position of 1 m on the tree trunk from the ground. The use of the developed equipment will make it possible to harvest olives in a shorter time than with manual harves ting without reducing the quality and weight of the obtained products.