Экспериментальная оптимизация механизма распределения давления в пневматической сеялке для кукурузы с учетом локальных условий работы в Пакистане

Исследование было проведено с целью оценки возможности оптимизации последовательной сис- темы воздушного распределения в пневматической сеялке для обеспечения равномерного размещения семян по- средством эффективного вакуумного давления при вращении воздуходувки для посева кукурузы. Лабораторный экспериментальный стенд был разработан для испытаний пневматической сеялки при четырех скоростях вращения воздуходувки (600, 900, 1 200 и 1 500 об/мин) и трех скоростях вращения высевающего диска (17, 22 и 28 об/мин). Ключевыми параметрами оценки являлись вакуумное давление, потери скорости воздуха и равномерность высевa семян. Для определения влияния вращения воздуходувки на вакуумное давление последнее фиксировалось в раз- личных точках воздушной распределительной системы. Экспериментальные результаты были подтверждены моде- лированием при помощи CFD-технологии ANSYS (рассчитывались динамика воздушного потока и распреде- ление давления в системе с последовательным воздушным каналом). Физические испытания и численное моделиро- вание использовались для определения поведения семян в воздушном потоке (вакуумном давлении) и их точной подачи. Результаты показали, что скорость вращения воздуходувки и диска создавали статистически значимую разницу (p < 0,05) в вакуумном давлении и равномерность распределения семян. Минимальный оптимальный диапазон вакуума составлял от –4,2 до –3,9 кПа, что достигалось при 1 500 об/мин воздуходувки (BR₄) и скорости вращения диска 22 об/мин, и этот диапазон был эффективен для захвата семян и снижения потерь из-за вихревого эффекта. С другой стороны, при низких скоростях вращения воздуходувки (600–1 200 об/мин) вакуумное давление было слабым (от –0,24 до –2,28 кПа), вследствие чего размещение семян было неустойчивым. Несмотря на то что ре- жим BR₄ показал лучшие результаты, он имел недостатки – рост потребления мощности и топлива из-за вы- сокой нагрузки на ВОМ трактора. Геометрия конструкции последовательной системы подачи воздуха позволила оптимизировать работу пневматической сеялки по равномерности размещения семян при BR₄ и скорости диска 22 об/мин. При увеличении скорости вращения воздуходувки обеспечивается высокая надежность работы, однако следует учитывать вопросы энергоэффективности.

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