vestiagИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия аграрных наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series1817-72041817-7239The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1817-7204-2026-64-1-76-88vestiag-853Research ArticleМЕХАНІЗАЦЫЯ І ЭНЕРГЕТЫКАMECHANIZATION AND POWER ENGINEERINGЭкспериментальная оптимизация механизма распределения давления в пневматической сеялке для кукурузы с учетом локальных условий работы в ПакистанеExperimental optimization of pressure distribution mechanism in a pneumatic maize planter for local working condition in Pakistanhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-4572-8868ХаликА.KhaliqA.

Афтаб Халик – магистр сельскохозяйственных наук, научный сотрудник

44000, Исламабад

Aftab Khaliq – M. Sc. (Agricultural Engineering), Scientific Officer

44000, Islamabad

aftabkhaliq123@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3304-8663АхмадФ.AhmadF.

Фиаз Ахмад – кандидат наук (сельскохозяйственная биоэкологическая и энергетическая инженерия), профессор кафедры механизации сельского хозяйства

Мултан, 60000

Fiaz Ahmad – Ph. D. (Agricultural Bioenvironmental and Energy Engineering), Professor of the Department of Agricultural Engineering

Multan, 60000

fiazahmad@bzu.edu.pkhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-2101-1320АхмадИ.AhmadI.

Ибрар Ахмад – доктор наук

310058, Ханчжоу

Ibrar Ahmad – Ph. D. Scholar

310058, Hangzhou

ibrarrai@zju.edu.cnhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-5987-1259АваисМ.AwaisM.

Мухаммад Аваис – магистр сельскохозяйственных наук, кафедра механизации сельского хозяйства

Мултан, 60000

Muhammad Awais – M. Sc. (Agricultural Engineering), Department of Agricultural Engineering

Multan, 60000

m.awaispk@outlook.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2715-9666МахмудХ. С.MahmoodH. S.

Хафиз Султан Махмуд – кандидат наук (сельскохозяйственное машиностроение и точное земледелие), главный научный сотрудник

44000, Исламабад

Hafiz Sultan Mahmood – Ph. D. (Agricultural Engineering and Precision Agriculture), Principle Scientific Officer

44000, Islamabad

sultan_fmi@hotmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-4251-0695АлиМ. М.AliM. M.

Мухаммад Мохсин Али – магистр сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник

44000, Исламабад

Muhammad Mohsin Ali – M. Sc. (Agricultural Engi- neering), Senior Scientific Officer

44000, Islamabad

mohsinali.mahr@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-2641-8969ЗубаирН.ZubairN.

Надим Зубаир – магистр наук (машиностроение)

258, ул. Сюэфу, город Цзямусы, район Сянъян, провинция Хэйлунцзян

Nadeem Zubair – M. Sc. (Mechanical Engineering)

258, Xuefu St., Jiamusi City, Xiangyang District, Heilongjiang Province

nadeemzubair6080@gmail.comИнститут механизации сельского хозяйства, Национальный центр сельскохозяйственных исследованийAgricultural Engineering Institute, Pakistan Agricultural Research CouncilУниверситет Бахауддина ЗакарииBahauddin Zakariya UniversityКолледж биосистемной инженерии и науки о пищевых продуктах, Чжэцзянский университетCollege of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang UniversityШкола машиностроения, Университет ЦзямуcыSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Jiamusi University20263101202664176–88Copyright © Халик А., Ахмад Ф., Ахмад И., Аваис М., Махмуд Х., Али М., Зубаир Н., 20262026Халик А., Ахмад Ф., Ахмад И., Аваис М., Махмуд Х., Али М., Зубаир Н.Khaliq A., Ahmad F., Ahmad I., Awais M., Mahmood H., Ali M., Zubair N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestiagr.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/853

Исследование было проведено с целью оценки возможности оптимизации последовательной сис- темы воздушного распределения в пневматической сеялке для обеспечения равномерного размещения семян по- средством эффективного вакуумного давления при вращении воздуходувки для посева кукурузы. Лабораторный экспериментальный стенд был разработан для испытаний пневматической сеялки при четырех скоростях вращения воздуходувки (600, 900, 1 200 и 1 500 об/мин) и трех скоростях вращения высевающего диска (17, 22 и 28 об/мин). Ключевыми параметрами оценки являлись вакуумное давление, потери скорости воздуха и равномерность высевa семян. Для определения влияния вращения воздуходувки на вакуумное давление последнее фиксировалось в раз- личных точках воздушной распределительной системы. Экспериментальные результаты были подтверждены моде- лированием при помощи CFD-технологии ANSYS (рассчитывались динамика воздушного потока и распреде- ление давления в системе с последовательным воздушным каналом). Физические испытания и численное моделиро- вание использовались для определения поведения семян в воздушном потоке (вакуумном давлении) и их точной подачи. Результаты показали, что скорость вращения воздуходувки и диска создавали статистически значимую разницу (p < 0,05) в вакуумном давлении и равномерность распределения семян. Минимальный оптимальный диапазон вакуума составлял от –4,2 до –3,9 кПа, что достигалось при 1 500 об/мин воздуходувки (BR4) и скорости вращения диска 22 об/мин, и этот диапазон был эффективен для захвата семян и снижения потерь из-за вихревого эффекта. С другой стороны, при низких скоростях вращения воздуходувки (600–1 200 об/мин) вакуумное давление было слабым (от –0,24 до –2,28 кПа), вследствие чего размещение семян было неустойчивым. Несмотря на то что ре- жим BR4 показал лучшие результаты, он имел недостатки – рост потребления мощности и топлива из-за вы- сокой нагрузки на ВОМ трактора. Геометрия конструкции последовательной системы подачи воздуха позволила оптимизировать работу пневматической сеялки по равномерности размещения семян при BR4 и скорости диска 22 об/мин. При увеличении скорости вращения воздуходувки обеспечивается высокая надежность работы, однако следует учитывать вопросы энергоэффективности.

This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of optimizing a series-type air distribution system in pneumatic planter transforming uniform seed placement through efficient vacuum pressure with the blower rotation for the planting of maize crop. A laboratory-based experimental facility was designed to test the performance of the pneumatic planter under four blower speeds (600, 900, 1 200, and 1 500 rpm) and three seed metering (SM) disc rotational speeds (17, 22, and 28 rpm). The most critical performance parameters were the vacuum pressure, the velocity losses of air, and the uniformity of seed-drop. To determine the effect of the blower rotation the on vacuum pressure, the vacuum pressure was observed at different locations in the air distribution system. The experimental results were confirmed with ANSYS simulation modeling the dynamics of airflow and pressure distribution in the series air channel-type. The physical tests and the simulation tests done to determine the behaviour of the seeds in the airflow (vacuum pressure) and accurate delivery of the seeds. The findings revealed that revolution of blowers and rotation of the disc created a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in a vacuum pressure and seed distribution uniformity. The minimum optimal range of vacuum was –4.2 to –3.9 kPa that was created at 1 500 rotations of blower per minute (BR4) and 22 rpm disc equivalence and the vacuum range was efficient on seed pick up and vortex seed loss. On the other hand, when the speeds of the blower were low (600–1 200 rpm) the vacuum pressure was weak (–0.24 to –2.28 kPa), with which the placement of the seeds was erratic. Even though BR4 showed better performance, it also had the negative impact of increasing power requirement and fuel usage due to the heavy demand of the PTO on the tractor. The series type pressure distribution geometry optimized the performance of the pneumatic seed planter in terms of seed placement at BR4 and disc speed of 22 rpm. Despite the enhanced reliability of operations when there is increased speed of blowers, careful thought should be put on energy efficiency.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.