Генетическая специфичность белоголовой украинской породы по гену BоLA-DRB3

Изучение генетической специфичности локальных пород – одно из перспективных направлений в контексте сохранения биоразнообразия пород крупного рогатого скота в мире. Цель исследования – определение и анализ аллельного полиморфизма гена BoLA-DRB3 белоголовой украинской породы. Изучение проведено на образцах крови 49 животных (11 быков и 38 коров) этой породы. Аллельный спектр гена BoLA-DRB3 определяли на основе двухступенчатой ПЦР (праймеры HLO-30, HLO-31 и HLO-32). Рестрикцию проводили эндонуклеазами RsaI, HaeIII, BstYI. Фрагменты рестрикции разделяли электрофорезом в 9–12%-ном полиакриламидном геле. В результате исследований обнаружено 29 аллелей. Семь аллелей (*03, *11, *13, *15, *22, *23 и *24) определялись с частотой более 5 %, что составляло 65,3 % аллельного фонда породы. Наиболее распространенным с частотой 15,3 % выявлялся аллель *24. В экспериментальной выборке идентифицировано 37 генотипов. Преобладающий вариант – *11/*24 (16,2 %). Выявлен небольшой избыток гетерозигот (F_IS = -0,035). Характерной особенностью белоголового украинского скота является существенная дифференциация (или специфичность) по гену BoLA-DRB3 (индекс фиксации Райта H_e = 0,959, индекс Шеннона-Винера H` = 2,93), что подтверждает тезис о важной роли местных пород в сохранении биоразнообразия генетических ресурсов крупного рогатого скота.

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