Биоинформатический анализ геномов коммерческих пород домашних свиней для идентифи- кации породоспецифичных SNP

Определение чистопородности сельскохозяйственных животных в селекционной системе имеет ключевое значение для всей отрасли животноводства. Чистопородное разведение заводских пород призвано обеспечить производство высокоценного улучшающего племенного материала для товарного животноводства. Определение чистопородности свиней может быть проведено с использованием однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов (SNP). Технология мультиплексирования сегодня достигла уровня, который позволяет за один запуск прибора охарактеризовать десятки и сотни тысяч полиморфных вариантов одновременно для сотен животных. Впервые с использованием методов биоинформатики проведен анализ полногеномных проектов для 264 особей вида Sus scrofa, расположенных в базе Sequence Read Archive (NCBI-SRA). Определен in silico генотип для 692 SNP, из которых для 59 SNP показан значительный потенциал для дифференциации четырех коммерческих пород: крупная белая (наиболее значимые SNP – Chr.6:g.85845403T>G и Chr.16:g.74053569T>C), дюрок (Chr.4:g.55661608A>G, Chr.14:g.107689091T>C и Chr.14:g.107939105T>C), ландрас (Chr.5:g.99925204A>G, Chr.18:g.40100481A>G и Chr.18:g.7664624A>G) и пьетрен (Chr.13:g.136017764T>C и Chr.17:g.47595840A>G). Для пород свиней дюрок и пьетрен точность дифференциации была не менее 99 %, для пород свиней крупная белая и ландрас – более 80 %, однако показатель чувствительности, характеризующий процент ложноположительных результатов классификации, был немногим более 65 %. Создание моделей для молекулярно-генетических исследований данных пород позволит проводить генетическую экспертизу их чистопородности, что будет способствовать возрастанию их племенной ценности и сохранению национального генофонда.

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