Efficiency of liquid-phase biological preparations when cultivating carrots on peat soils

One of priority directions in cultivation of carrots is development of new techniques in technologies allowing to increase not only the yield, but also the quality of root crops. Treatment of vegetative plants with various biological products, growth regulators and hemin preparations is the most promising technological method for increasing carrots yield and quality. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of liquid-phase biological means of various natures on yield and quality of Karini variety carrots grown on peat soil. The experiment had been carried out in 2015-2016 on peat soil of the Dmitrovsky department of VNIIMZ branch FRC V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute (Moscow region). Two microbiological preparations (LPB and Azotovit) and two humic (BoHum and FlorHumat) were tested. Azotovit and FlorHumat are known registered preparations, and LPB and BoHum are the latest developments of VNIIMZ. The biological means were applied three times during growing season against the background of the main fertilizer P₄₀K₆₀. The largest increase in carrot yield was obtained when using LPB and BoHum - 19.4 and 18.3 %. Humic preparations contributed to a higher level of mineralization processes in soil, providing plants with available nutrients. Improvement in quality indicators of carrots for all tested biological means was noted: a higher content of carotene in root crops in the variant with BoHum - 101 mg/kg, dry matter - when using Azotovit - 9.35 %, the minimum content of nitrates when using FlorHumat preparation - 101 mg/kg. In general, the impact mechanism of the biological means used was their complex effect on plants and soil, which is of certain value for fundamental research. The method of cluster analysis showed a high degree of similarity in efficiency of bio-means LPB and BoHum in terms of set of indicators (yield, quality of carrots, agro-chemical and microbiological indicators of soil). The most promising is the humic biological mean BoHum. The considered biological means used for cultivation of carrots on peat soils will improve provision of processing industry with a raw material base, and population with high-quality vegetable products. 

1. Shatilov M.V., Razin A.F., Razin O.A., Ivanova M.I., Sokolova L.M., Platitsyn A.A., Shilov S.V., Orlova N.A. Production of garden carrot in Russia. Agrarnaya Rossiya = Agrarian Russia, 2020, no. 1, pp. 21-30 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.30906/1999-5636-2020-1-21-30

2. Litvinov S.S., Razin A.F., Ivanova M.I., Shatilov M.V. State of the carrot markets. Agrarnaya Rossiya = Agrarian Russia, 2017, no. 4, pp. 29-35 (in Russian).

3. Makrak S.V. Analysis of production and economic indicators and promising directions for increasing the efficiency of cultivation of canteen carrots in the Republic of Belarus. Nikonovskie chteniya - 2018. Agrarnaya ekonomicheskaya nauka: istoki, sostoyanie, zadachi na budushchee: materialy XXIII mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii, 22-23 oktyabrya 2018 g. [Nikon readings - 2018. Agrarian economic science: origins, state, tasks for the future: proceedings of the XXIII international scientific and practical conference, October 22-23, 2018]. Moscow, 2018, pp. 110-112 (in Russian).

4. Perdana T., Renaldi E. Is it possible to build an inclusive carrot supply chain to meet modern market demand? Lessons learned from agribusiness cluster development in Indonesia. Acta Horticulturae, 2017, no. 1179, pp. 341-346. https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2017.1179.53

5. Wrzodak A., Szwejda-Grzybowska J., Elkner K., Babik I. Comparison of the nutritional value and storage life of carrot roots from organic and conventional cultivation. Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin, 2012, vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 137-150. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10032-012-0010-5

6. Agbede T.M., Adekiya A.O., Eifediyi E.K. Impact of poultry manure and NPK fertilizer on soil physical properties and growth and yield of carrot. Journal of Horticultural Research, 2017, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 81-88. https://doi.org/10.1515/johr-2017-0009

7. Eryilmaz Acikgoz F., Adiloglu S., Solmaz Y., Adiloglu A. The effects of increasing mycorrhiza applications on some biological properties of baby carrot (Daucus carota L.) plant. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 2018, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 7-11. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.341081

8. Oliveira V.C. de, Faquin V., Guimaraes K.C., Andrade F.R., Pereira J., Guilherme L.R.G. Agronomic biofortification of carrot with selenium. Ciencia e Agrotecnologia, 2018, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 138-147. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542018422031217

9. Lyashcheva L.V., Semenkov A.S., Lyashchev E.A. Use of growth regulators when growing garden carrot. Sibirskii vestnik sel’skokhozyaistvennoi nauki = Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science, 2007, no. 2, pp. 31-35 (in Russian).

10. Rademacher W. Plant growth regulators: backgrounds and uses in plant production. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2015, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 845-872. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-015-9541-6

11. Malkhasyan A.B., Ustimenko I.F., Yakovchuk O.A. Yields and quality of garden carrot with the use of humic preparations. Izvestiya Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Izvestia Orenburg State Agrarian University, 2017, no. 4 (66), pp. 90-91 (in Russian).

12. Kokovkina S.V., Triandafilova S.N., Khurshkainen T.V. New biopreparation Verva for carrot cultivation. Zemledelie, 2010, no. 1, pp. 38-39 (in Russian).

13. Peregudov S.V., Talanova L.A., Peregudova A.V. Estimation of Epina-ekstra and Zircon preparations action on growth and productivity of carrot. Agrokhimicheskii vestnik = Agrochemical Herald, 2010, no. 2, pp. 30-31 (in Russian).

14. Osipov A.I., Shkrabak E.S. Influence of foliar nutrition treatment on yield and quality of vegetable crops. Izvestiya Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Izvestiya Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, 2018, no. 2 (51), pp. 35-41 (in Russian).

15. Akhtar K., Khan A., Jan M.T., Afridi M.Z., Ali S., Zaheer S. Effect of humic acid and crop residue application on emergence and wheat phenology. Pure and Applied Biology, 2015, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 97-103. https://doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2015.41013

16. Mohammadpourkhaneghah A., Shahryari R., Alaei Y., Shahmoradmoghanlou B. Comparison of the effect of liquid humic fertilizers on yield of maize genotypes in ardabil region. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2012, vol. 11, no. 21, pp. 4810-4814. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb11.3646

17. Herrera W.F.B., Rodrigues M., Teles A.P.B., Barth, G., Pavinato P.S. Crop yields and soil phosphorus lability under soluble and humic-complexed phosphate fertilizers. Agronomy Journal, 2016, vol. 108, no. 4, pp. 1692-1702. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2015.0561

18. Kondratenko E.P., Chumanova N.N., Sergeeva I.A., Pozdnyakova O.G., Voroshilin R.A. Evaluation of the reaction of table carrot to pre-treatment of seeds by humic preparations. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK = Achievements of Science and Technology of AIC, 2017, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 22-25 (in Russian).

19. Zavalin A.A. Problems of sustainable use of peat resources in agriculture. Innovatsionnye tekhnologii ispol’zovaniya torfa v sel’skom khozyaistve = Innovative technologies of agricultural use of peat. Vladimir, 2010, pp. 16-18 (in Russian).

20. Efimov V.N. Peat soils. Moscow, Rossel’khozizdat Publ., 1980. 120 p. (in Russian).

21. Meerovskii A.S., Avramenko N.M. Drained peat soils in Belarusian Polesie at the beginning of the XXI century. Melioratsiya [Land Reclamation], 2020, no. 2 (92), pp. 58-69 (in Russian).

22. Rabinovich G.Yu., Kovalev N.G., Smirnova Yu.D. Application of new biofertilizers and biological products in the cultivation of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya biologiya = Agricultural Biology, 2015, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 665-672 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2015.5.665rus

23. Fomicheva N.V., Rabinovich G.Yu., Lukicheva N.A. The use of liquid humic biological agent BoNum for growing potatoes. Sovremennoe ekologicheskoe sostoyanie prirodnoi sredy i nauchno-prakticheskie aspekty ratsional’nogo prirodopol’zovaniya: I mezhdunarodnaya nauchno-prakticheskaya Internet-konferenrtsiya, 29 fevralya 2016 g. [The modern ecological state of the natural environment and scientific and practical aspects of rational nature management: I International scientific and practical Internet conference, February 29, 2016]. Salty Zaymishche, 2016, pp. 2182-2186 (in Russian)

24. Kovalev N.G., Mozhajskij Yu.A. Ecological and economic justification of melioration of peat-bog complexes and technologies of their rational use. Moscow, Ryazan, Ryazan State Agrotechnological University, 2012. 300 p. (in Russian).

25. Rabinovich G.Yu., Smirnova Yu.D., Vasil’eva E.A., Fomicheva N.V. An innovative technology to solve the problems of agroecology. Regional’naya ekologiya = Regional Ecology, 2015, no. 6 (41), pp. 32-40 (in Russian).

26. Rabinovich G.Yu., Fomicheva N.V., Sulman E.M. Development of a production algorithm for a liquid humic fertilizer. International Journal of Current Research, 2016, no. 8, pp. 25979-25982.

27. Semenyuk O.V., Neshin I.V., Barkhatova O.A., Bulatov A.S. Microbial fertilizers, yield and quality of grain of winter wheat. Zemledelie, 2014, no. 6, pp. 33-34 (in Russian).

28. Zotikov V.I., Erokhin A.I., Barbashov M.V. Efficiency of FlorHumate universal preparation for seeds and plants. Zemledelie, 2011, no. 8, pp. 44-45 (in Russian).

29. Medvedev G.A., Malyshev N.V. Albit, FlorGumat and Akvarin: what they are mode of and how good they are. Izvestiya Nizhnevolzhskogo agrouniversitetskogo kompleksa: nauka i vysshee professional’noe obrazovanie = Proceedings of Nizhnevolzskiy Agrouniversity Complex: Science and Higher Vocational Education, 2008, no. 4 (12), pp. 17-21 (in Russian).

30. Platonycheva Yu.N. Effect of Micromack and biopreparations on the biological activity of gray forest soils. Plodorodie, 2009, no. 3, pp. 33-34 (in Russian).

31. Solov’eva V.M., Mel’nikova E.V., Poryadina E.A. The study of the action of potassium humate in combination with mineral fertilizers on carrot roots. Agrokhimicheskii vestnik = Agrochemical Herald, 2017, no. 6, pp. 35-37 (in Russian).

32. Sokolova M.G., Akimova G.P., Khusnidinov Sh.K. Efficiency of biopreparation associative bacteria on different vegetable crops. Agrokhimiya [Agrochemistry], 2009, no. 7, pp. 54-59 (in Russian).

33. Lantos F., Papp Z., Bence S., Hódiné M.S. Agrochemical effect of bacteria fertilizer on carrot (Daucus Carota L.) cultivation. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 2016, no. 8 (56), pp. 99-104. https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2016-08.13

34. Smirnova Yu.V., Vinogradova V.S. Mechanism of action and function of humic preparations. Agrokhimicheskii vestnik = Agrochemical Herald, 2004, no. 1, pp. 22-23 (in Russian).

35. Popov A.I. Humic substances: properties, structure, formation. St. Petersburg, The St. Petersburg University Press, 2004. 246 p. (in Russian).

36. Tan K.H. Agronomic importance of humic matter. Humic matter in soil and the environment: principles and controversies. Boca Raton, 2014, pp. 333-370. https://doi.org/10.1201/b17037-11

37. Lykhman V.A., Bezuglova O.S., Gorovtsov A.V., Polienko E.A. Influence of humic preparations on structural state and biological activity of typical carbonate chernozem. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK = Achievements of Science and Technology of AIC, 2016, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 16-20 (in Russian).

38. Pusenkova L.I., Il’yasova E.Yu., Kireeva N.A. Effect of biopreparations on the biological activity of soil and the productivity of sugar beet. Agrokhimiya [Agrochemistry], 2012, no. 10, pp. 20-26 (in Russian).

39. Kolodziejczyk M. Effectiveness of nitrogen fertilization and application of microbial preparations in potato cultivation. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2014, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 299-310. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1305-105