Impact of basic tillage systems and fertilization on agrochemical indices of soil fertility in the right bank of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

The paper presents the results of stationary multifactor field experiment on study of the mutual impact of various systems of soil deep and surface tillage in combination with various levels of organic and mineral fertilizers application on crop rotation performance, as well as on a number of agrochemical indicators of black soil fertility. Researches were carried out as a stationary field experiment on the experimental field of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University in 2013-2018. During the crop rotation in all the studied tillage methods, especially mouldboardless and disking tillage, the hydrolytic acidity of the arable layer increased with increase in fertilizer rates, and the amount of bases absorbed, saturation degree, level of exchangeable calcium and magnesium cations decreased, but in most cases these changes were not significant. Systematic mouldboardless and disking tillage enhance the topsoil heterogeneity in relation to agrochemical indicators of its fertility. Heterogeneity increases with increase in the level of applied fertilizers. With the mouldboard tillage during the crop rotation period at unfertilized areas, the largest part of humus loss in the arable layer is observed in the top, and the smallest - in its bottom parts; the opposite pattern was observed on fertilized areas at the highest rate. With mouldboardless and disking tillage, directly opposite patterns were observed in comparison with mouldboard tillage. An annual application of 8 t/ha of manure + N₇₆P₆₄K₅₇ stabilizes the humus state of the arable soil layer when carrying out differentiated and disking tillage in crop rotation. Fertilization rate of 12 t/ha of manure + N₉₅P₈₂K₇₅ for these tillage options a significant increase in humus and total nitrogen reserves is provided.

1. Yatsuk І. P. (ed.). On the state of soils on agricultural lands of Ukraine. Based on the results of the ninth round (2006- 2010) of agrochemical survey of lands. Kyiv, 2015. 118 р. (in Ukrainian).

2. Primak І. D., Man’ko Yu. P., Rіdei N. M., Mazur V. A., Gorshchar V. І., Konopl’ov O. V., Palamarchuk S. P., Primak O. І. Acid degradation (decalcification) of soils. Ekolohichni problemy zemlerobstva [Environmental problems of Agriculture]. Kyiv, 2010, pp. 65-86 (in Ukrainian).

3. Popova O. L. Estimation of social losses and the size of a compensation for a deterioration of the quality of farming lands. Ekonomіka Ukraїni = Economy of Ukraine, 2013, no. 3 (616), pp. 47-56 (in Ukrainian).

4. Primak I. D., Yeshchenko V. O., Man’ko Yu. P. Crop rotation in agriculture of Ukraine. Kyiv, KVITs Publ., 2008. 288 p. (in Ukrainian).

5. Ovsinskii I. A new system of agriculture. Kyiv, S. V. Kul’zhenko Publ., 1899. 175 р. (in Russian).

6. Mal’tsev T. S. On methods of soil cultivation and sowing that contribute to obtaining high and sustainable crop yields. Moscow, Publishing House of the USSR Ministry of State Farms, 1954. 45 р. (in Russian).

7. Faulkner E. H. Plowman’s folly. Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1943. 162 p.

8. Shenyavskii A. L. Ways of humus restoration in soil. Sel’skoe khozyaistvo za rubezhom. Rastenievodstvo [Agriculture Abroad. Plant Cultivation], 1971, no. 6, pp. 1-4 (in Russian).

9. Shcherbak I. E. Soil-protective treatment of fields in the southern regions. Moscow, Kolos Publ., 1974. 125 p. (in Russian).

10. Morgun F. T. Tillage and harvest. 2nd ed. Moscow, Kolos Publ., 1981. 288 p. (in Russian).

11. Shikula N. K., Gnatenko A. F. Reproduction of humus in the soil-protective system of agriculture. Zemledelie [Agriculture], 1991, no. 2, pp. 40-43 (in Russian).

12. Baraev A. I. The role of science in the development of virgin and fallow lands. Vestnik sel’skokhozyaistvennoi nauki [Agricultural Science News], 1974, no. 5, pp. 5-14 (in Russian).

13. Shikula M. K., Antonets’ S. S., Andrіyenko V. O., Andrіyaka Yu. V., Balaiev A. D. Reproduction of soil fertility in soil-protective agriculture. Kyiv, Oranta Publ., 1998. 679 p. (in Ukrainian).

14. Antonets’ S. S., Antonets’ A. S., Pisarenko V. P., Opara M. M., Pisarenko P. V. Organic farming: from the experience of PE «Agroecology» of Shishatsky district of Poltava region. Poltava, Poltava State Agrarian Academy, 2010. 198 p. (in Ukrainian).

15. Yarovenko V. V., Bodnya V. I., Krainyuk M. S. The effectiveness of shallow tillage for winter wheat after sainfoin in the Crimea. Stepnoe zemledelie: respublikanskii mezhvedomstvennyi tematicheskii nauchnyi sbornik [Steppe agriculture: a republican interdepartmental thematic scientific collection]. Kyiv, 1990, iss. 24, pp. 40-43 (in Russian).

16. Tyurin I. V. From the results of the work of a brigade of the USSR Academy of Sciences on the study of soil cultivation system according to the method of T.S. Maltseva at the Shadrinsk Experimental Station. Pochvovedenie [Soil Science], 1957, no. 8, pp. 1-11 (in Russian).

17. Ponomareva V. V., Plotnikova T. A. Humus and soil formation. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1980. 221 p. (in Russian).

18. Samoilova E. M. Meadow soils of the forest steppe. Moscow, Moscow State University Publishing House, 1981. 283 p. (in Russian).

19. Fokin A. D. Soil, biosphere and life on the Earth. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1986. 175 p.

20. Linnik M. K., Batsula O. O. The problem of organic fertilizers. Vіsnik agrarnoї nauki = Bulletin of Agricultural Science, 1998, no. 6, pp. 10-12 (in Ukrainian).

21. Cheryachukіn M. I. Scientific grounding and development of the main activities of primary tillage in the zonal systems of agriculture of the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. Abstract of Ph.D. diss. Kyiv, 2016. 51 p. (in Ukrainian).

22. Shevchenko M. V. Scientific bases of tillage system in the field rotation of left-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. Abstract of Ph.D. diss. Dnipropetrovsk, 2015. 40 p. (in Ukrainian).

23. Tsyuk O. A. Theoretical substantiation and development of the system of ecological agriculture in the forest-steppe of Ukraine. Abstract of Ph.D. diss. Kyiv, 2014. 41 p. (in Ukrainian).

24. Panchenko O. B. The reproduction of black soil fertility depending on the model of the main tillage and fertilization in the grain cultivated rotation of the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. Abstract of Ph.D. diss. Kyiv, 2016. 22 p. (in Ukrainian).

25. Tanchik S. P., Tsyuk O. A., Tsentilo L. V. Scientific bases of farming systems. Vinnytsia, Nilan Publ., 2015. 313 p. (in Ukrainian).

26. Skril’nik E. V., Shevchenko M. V., Popіrnii M. A. The effect of soil tillage systems on distribution and quality of humic substances by typical black soil. Gruntoznavstvo = Soil Science, 2017, vol. 18, no. 1-2, pp. 46-54 (in Ukrainian). https://doi.org/10.15421/041705

27. Balaiev A. D., Tonkha O. L. Soil-biological system of agriculture and restoration of soil fertility. Vіsnik Natsіonal’nogo unіversitetu vodnogo gospodarstva ta prirodokoristuvannya: zbirnik naukovikh prats’ = Bulletin National University of Water and Environmental Engineering: collection of scientific papers. Rivne, 2013, iss. 3 (63), pp. 3-14 (in Ukrainian).

28. Yeshchenko V. O., Kopitko P. G., Kostogriz P. V., Oprishko V. P. Fundamentals of scientific research in agronomy. Vinnytsia, Edel’veis і K Publ., 2014. 331 p. (in Ukrainian).

29. Zubenko V. F., Yakimenko V. N., Lyutaya Yu. A., Odrekhovskii A. F., Petrova E. T. The crop yielding capacity and the nutrient balance in the beet root crop rotation systems with different doses of fertilizers and different methods of soil cultivation. Vestnik sel’skokhozyaistvennoi nauki [Agricultural Science News], 1986, no. 11, pp. 50-59 (in Russian).

30. Medvedev V. V. Soil structure: methods, genesis, classification, evolution, geography, monitoring, conservation. Kharkov, 13 tipografiya Publ., 2008. 406 p. (in Russian)