Scientific basis of technology for production of cationic starch

Starch derivatives containing ether cationic groups (amino-, ammonium, sulfonium, phosphonium, etc.) are vital commercial product. Cationic starches with tertiary amino- and quaternary ammonium ether groups have found the greatest use. The paper is devoted to sore problem - deep processing of vegetable starch-containing raw materials and in particular production of domestic chemically modified (substituted) cationic starch. Comparative studies of the kinetics of the reac­tion of obtaining cationic ethers of potato and corn starch using N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium © Литвяк В. В., 2019 chloride depending on the molar ratio of reagents, temperature, concentration of starch suspension and the nature of na­tive starch. The effect of starch cationization process on the morphological peculiarities of starch granules, as well as de­gree of crystallinity, was studied. The effect of cationization of starch on the structural characteristics of granules (degree of crystallinity-and-amorphism) at the general preservation of starch granules and physical and chemical properties (rheolog­ical and thermogravimetric) has been determined. A scientifically based, highly efficient method for cationization of starch N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride in an alkaline medium with the use of gelatinization inhibitors was developed allowing to obtain cationic starch with substitution degree of 0.01-0.06 mol/mol. The obtained cationic starch can be used in the pulp and paper, textile and other industry. The developed technology for production of chemically modified cationic starch has been successfully implemented at local enterprises.

potato starch, corn starch, cationic starch, starch containing raw materials, chemical modification of starch, cationization, technology, kinetics, degree of substitution, N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-N, N, N-trimethylammonium chlo¬ride, reagent, crystallinity, granule, temperature, viscosity, paste

1. Andreev N. R. Bases for the production of native starches: scientific aspects. Moscow, Pishchepromizdat Publ., 2001. 282 p. (in Russian).

2. Zhushman A. I. Modified starches. Moscow, Pishchepromizdat Publ., 2007. 234 p. (in Russian).

3. Polumbrik M. O., Litvyak V. V., Lovkis Z. V., Kovbasa V. N. Carbohydrates in food. Minsk, IVTs Minfina Publ., 2016. 591 p. (in Russian).

4. Vinokurov A. Yu., Lukin N. D., Koptelova E. K. Effect of salts-antipasterisators on the process of producing cationic starch. Khranenie i pererabotka sel ’khozsyr’ya = Storage and Processing of Farm Products, 2015, no. 12, pp. 11-16 (in Russian).

5. Kochkina N. E., Khokhlova Yu. V., Skobeleva O. A., Andreev N. R., Lukin N. D. Investigation of the Kislotny Aliy dye kinetics sorption by nanocomposites based on cationic starch and montmorillonites. Khranenie i pererabotka sel’khoz- syr’ya = Storage and Processing of Farm Products, 2014, no. 12, pp. 23-27 (in Russian).

6. Koptelova E. K., Veksler R. I. Production and properties of low-viscosity cationic starch. Khranenie i pererabotka sel’khozsyr’ya = Storage and Processing of Farm Products, 2012, no. 9, pp. 17-20 (in Russian).

7. Kutsenko S. A., Vinokurov A. Yu., Sedov Yu. A. Ways of improvement of indicators of technology of cationic starch. Khranenie i pererabotka sel’khozsyr’ya = Storage and Processing of Farm Products, 2010, no. 10, pp. 13-15 (in Russian).

8. Tarasov S. M., Azarov V. I., Kononov G. N., Ivanova A. M. Cationic starches - prospective modifiers of amine-alde- hydic oligomers. Lesnoi vestnik = Forestry Bulletin, 2010, no. 5, pp. 152-156 (in Russian).

9. Tarasov S. M. Influence of various kinds of cationic starch on properties of paper and cardboard from secondary fibrous raw material. Lesnoi vestnik = Forestry Bulletin, 2007, no. 4, pp. 120-122 (in Russian).

10. Bratskaya S., Schwarz S., Liebert T., Heinze T. Flocculation and binding properties of highly substituted cationic starches. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2008, vol. 81, no. 5, pp. 862-866. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1070427208050273

11. Butrim S. M., Bil’dyukevich T. D., Butrim N. S., Yurkshtovich T. L. Obtaining cationic starches by semi-dry method and their application. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Seriya: Khimiya i khimicheskaya tekhnologiya = Russian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 2013, vol. 56, no 3, pp. 83-88 (in Russian).

12. Butrim S., Bil’dyukevich T., Butrim N., Yurkshtovich T. Preparation and flocculating properties of highly substitu¬ted cationic starches of different vegetable origin. Colloid Journal, 2016, vol. 78, no. 3, pp. 310-314. https://doi.org/10.1134/ S1061933X16030029

13. Butrim S. M., Bil’dyukevich T. D., Butrim N. S., Yurkshtovich T. L. Synthesis and physic-chemical properties of ca-tionic starches. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2011, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 185-189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-011-9877-5

14. Butrim S. M., Bil’dyukevich T. D., Butrim N. S., Yurkshtovich T. L., Kaputskii F. N. Obtaining new flocculants based on high-substituted cationic starches. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Seriya: Khimiya i khimicheskaya tekhnologiya = Russian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 2018, vol. 61, no 1, pp. 89-95 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.6060/ tcct.20186101.5538

15. Kutsenko S. A., Vinokurov A. Yu., Sedov Yu. A. Optimization of technological parameters of the cationic starch pro-duction. Fundamental ’nye i prikladnye problemy tekhniki i tekhnologii = Fundamental and Applied Problems of Technics and Technology, 2010, no. 5 (283), pp. 20-24 (in Russian).

16. Koptelova E. K., Akhaeva S. M., Lukin N. D. Dry method of starch cationization. Khranenie ipererabotka sel ’khoz- syr’ya = Storage and Processing of Farm Products, 2015, no. 12, pp. 23-26 (in Russian).

17. Koptelova E. K., Lukin N. D., Akhaeva S. M. Perfection of dry cationing of starch. Khranenie ipererabotka sel ’khoz- syr’ya = Storage and Processing of Farm Products, 2018, no. 2, pp. 48-52 (in Russian).

18. Vinokurov A. Yu., Koptelova E. K., Lukin N. D., Kanarskii A. V., Vodyashkin A. A., Zabolotskii A. I. Morphological, structural and rheological properties of starch cationized in aqueous suspension. Vestnik tekhnologicheskogo universiteta [Bulletin of the University of Technology], 2015, vol. 18, no. 19, pp. 135-140 (in Russian).

19. Chang S.-Y., Lai H.-M. Effect of trisodium citrate on swelling property and structure of cationic starch thin film. Food Hydrocolloids, 2016, vol. 56, pp. 254-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.12.029

20. Solarek D. B. Cationic starches. Wurzburg O. B. (ed.). Modified starches: properties and uses. Boca Raton, 1986, pp. 113-129.

21. Nachtergaele W. The benefits of cationic starches for the paper industry. Starch/Starke, 1989, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 27-31. https://doi.org/10.1002/star.19890410108

22. Litvyak V. V., Roslyakov Yu. F., Goman D. I., Alekseenko M. S. Reactor-amalgamator of periodic action for carrying out processes in heterogeneous environments. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Pishchevaya tekhnologiya = News of Institutes of Higher Education. Food Technology, 2015, no. 5-6, pp. 87-90 (in Russian).

23. Litvyak V. V., Roslyakov Yu. F. Starch chemical modification mechanism. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Pishchevaya tekhnologiya = News of Institutes of Higher Education. Food Technology, 2013, no. 2-3, pp. 31-35 (in Russian).

24. Korzan S. I., Litvyak V. V., Roslyakov Yu. F., Kochetov V. K. Reactor-amalgamator for the production of chemical¬ly modified starch by dry method. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Pishchevaya tekhnologiya = News of Institutes of Higher Education. Food Technology, 2017, no. 4, pp. 80-84 (in Russian).

25. Litvyak V. V., Kanarskii A. V. Features of cationization of a-D-glucopyranose of starch in the position of 3C-atom N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N,N-ammonium chloride. Plasticheskie massy [Plastics], 2016, no. 7-8, pp. 27-31 (in Russian).

26. Radosta S., Vorwerg W., Ebert A., Begli A. H., Grulc D., Wastyn M. Properties of low-substituted cationic starch derivatives prepared by different derivatisation processes. Starch/Starke, 2004, vol. 56, no. 7, pp. 277-287. https://doi. org/10.1002/star.200300210

27. Xie F., Yu L., Liu H., Chen L. Starch modification using reactive extrusion. Starch/Starke, 2006, vol. 58, no. 3-4, pp. 131-139. https://doi.org/10.1002/star.200500407

28. Hellwing G., Bischoff D., Rubo A. Production of cationic starch ethers using an improved dry process. Starch/Starke, 1992, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 69-74. https://doi.org/10.1002/star.19920440210

29. Rutenberg M. W., Solarek D. Starch derivatives: production and uses. Whistler R. L., BeMiller J. N., Paschall E. F. (eds.). Starch: chemistry and technology 2nd ed. Orlando, 1984, pp. 311-388. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-746270-7.50016-1