ASSESSMENT OF SOIL PROPERTIES CHANGE UNDER EFFECT OF SOIL CULTIVATING AGRICULTURAL MACHINES

High-quality and timely soil cultivation allows forming the basis of the future crop and reducing costs of subsequent tillage operations. The structure of soil determines the energy intensity and quality of its mechanical treatment. The quality of soil treatment is determined by crumbling, mixing, leveling and compacting of the surface layer. To determine these parameters, different mathematical dependencies are used, allowing for calculation of varied accuracy degree. The article dwells on analysis of the existing and development of new dependencies, allowing to determine qualitative indicators of soil condition before and after the effect of operating units of agricultural machines. The article presents analysis of the existing dependencies, allowing to determine the effect degree of agricultural machines’ rollers on the soil. As a result of the studies, the possibility of using the Rozin-Rammler formula for determining the degree of soil crumbling is substantiated and dependency between stress and porosity coefficient was determined to substantiate the optimum pressure during soil cultivation rollers impact. The obtained results supplement the theory of impact of soil cultivation rollers on soil when designing combined soil cultivation agricultural machines.

1. Smeyan N. I., Zinchenko V. S., Bogdevich I. M., Shibut L. I., Klebanovich V. F., Chernysh A. F., Zen’kovich A. I., Sidorov N. D., Stashkevich L. K., Rzheutskaya G. A. Assessment of soil fertility in Belarus. Minsk, Uradzhay Publ., 1989. 359 p. (in Russian).

2. Medvedev V. V. Optimization of agrophysical properties of chernozem soils. Moscow, Agropromizdat Publ., 1988. 160 p. (In Russian).

3. Kushnarev A. S., Matsepuro V. M. Reduction of the harmful effect of operating devices and drive systems of machine aggregates on soil with the introduction of industrial technologies for cultivating agricultural crops. Moscow, 1986. 56 p. (in Russian).

4. Kushnarev A. S., Kochev V. I. Mechanic and technological bases of soil cultivation. Kiev, Urozhay Publ., 1989. 140 p. (in Russian).

5. Bondarev A. G. Methods of investigating the properties and regimes of soils during their compaction. Pereuplotnenie pakhotnykh pochv: prichiny, sledstviya, puti umen’sheniya [Overconsolidation of arable soils: causes, consequences, ways of reduction]. Moscow, 1987, pp. 5–8 (in Russian).

6. Bondarev A. G. Physical properties of soils as a theoretical basis for their compaction with agricultural machinery. Vliyanie sel’skokhozyaystvennoy tekhniki na pochvu: nauchnye trudy [Influence of agricultural machinery on soil: scientific works]. Moscow, 1981, pp. 3–9 (in Russian).

7. Kaminski J. R., Kruk I. S., Szeptycki A. Ciągnikowe agregaty maszynowe w nowoczesnym rolnictwie. Ser. Inzynieria w Rolnictwie. Monografie; nr 18 [Agricultural tractor units in modern agriculture. Ser. Engineering in Agriculture. Monographs; no. 18]. Falenty, Widawnictwo ITP, 2015. 133 p. (in Poland).

8. Golka W. (ed.) Kirunki rozwoju techniki w transporcie rolniczym, uprawie gleby, siewie, nawozeniu i ochronie roslin. Ser. Inzynieria w Rolnictwie. Monografie; nr 23 [Development trends in agricultural transport, soil cultivation, sowing, fertilization and plant protection. Ser. Engineering in Agriculture. Monographs; no. 23]. Falenty, Widawnictwo ITP, 2016. 138 p. (in Poland).

9. Nazarov F. I. Increase of the efficiency of roller attachment use in combined plowing units. Molodezh’ v nauke – 2014: prilozhenie k zhurnalu «Vestsі Natsyyanal’nai akademіі navuk Belarusі» [Youth in Science – 2014: Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of Belarus Supplement]. Minsk, 2015, pt. 5, pp. 125–128 (in Russian).

10. Kruk I. S., Chigarev Yu. V., Nazarov F. I. Increase of the efficiency of using additional devices for surface treatment of soil in plowing units. Proceedings of 8th International research and development conference of Central and Eastern European institutes of agricultural engineering (CEE AgEng), Poznan, Puszczykowo, 25–28 june 2013. Poznan, 2013, pp. 13–17.

11. Kruk I. S., Nazarov F. I. Provision of the required quality of soil preparation for crop sowing using additional tillage devices in plowing units. Nauchno-tekhnicheskii progress v sel’skokhozyaistvennom proizvodstve: materialy me-zhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii, Minsk, 28–30 noyabrya 2013 g. [Scientific and technical progress in agricultural production: materials of the International scientific and practical conference, Minsk, November 28–30, 2013]. Minsk, 2013, pp. 279–282 (in Russian).

12. Kruk I. S., Chigarev Yu. V., Nazarov F. I. Increase in the efficiency of roller attachment use in combined plowing units. Trendy w inzynierii rolniczej – energia odnawialna: XVI Międzynarodowa konferencja naukowa z cyklu «Problemy inzynierii rolniczej», Miedzyzdroje, Poland, 4–6 czerwca 2014 [Trends in agricultural engineering – renewable energy: 16th International scientific conference on the "Problems of Agricultural Engineering", Miedzyzdroje, Poland, 4–6 June 2014]. Miedzyzdroje, 2014, pp. 50–53.

13. Kruk I. S., Nazarov F. I. Provision of the required quality of tillage using reversible plows with roller attachments. Sovremennye problemy osvoeniya novoi tekhniki, tekhnologii, organizatsii tekhnicheskogo servisa v APK : materialy me-zhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii, Minsk, 4–6 iyunya 2014 g. [Modern problems of application of new equipment, technologies, organization of technical services in the agroindustrial complex: materials of the International scientific and practical conference, Minsk, June 4–6, 2014]. Minsk, 2014, vol. 2, pp. 273–277 (in Russian).

14. Kruk I. S., Nazarov F. I., Kosovskiy P. V. Peculiarities of using soil cultivators in the constructions of modern agricultural aggregates. Tekhnicheskoe i kadrovoe obespechenie innovatsionnykh tekhnologii v sel’skom khozyaistve: ma-terialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii, Minsk, 23–24 oktyabrya 2014 g. [Technical and staff support of innovative technologies in agriculture: materials of the international scientific and practical conference, Minsk, October 23–24, 2014]. Minsk, 2014, vol. 1, pp. 201–203 (in Russian).

15. Kruk I. S., Gordienko O. I., Nazarov F. I., Geruk S. N., Amelichev V. V. Additional tools for increasing the efficiency of basic tillage by reversible plows. Tekhnicheskoe obespechenie innovatsionnykh tekhnologii v sel’skom khozyaistve : sbornik nauchnykh statei mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii, Minsk, 8–9 iyunya 2016 g. [Technical support of innovative technologies in agriculture: a collection of scientific articles of the International scientific and practical conference, Minsk, June 8–9, 2016]. Minsk, 2016, pp. 122–128 (in Russian).

16. Kruk I. S., Chigarev Yu. V., Nazarov F. I., Kosovskii P. V. Experimental studies of compacting effect of a roller set operating element on soil. Agropanorama [Agropanorama], 2015, no. 4, pp. 2–5 (in Russian).

17. Kislov N. V. Aerodynamics of milled peat. Minsk, Nauka i tekhnika Publ., 1987. 175 p. (in Russian).

18. Dmitriev A. M., Bokhan N. I. To the issue of soil pulverization with tools. Trudy Tsentral’nogo nauchno-issledovatel’skogo instituta mekhanizatsii i elektrifikatsii sel’skogo khozyaistva Nechernozemnoi zony SSSR [Proceedings of the Central Research Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture of the Nonchernozem Belt of the USSR]. Minsk, 1969, vol. 7, pp. 24–30 (in Russian).

19. Katsygin V. V. Foundations of the theory of choice of mobile agricultural machines and tools optimal parameters. Voprosy sel’skokhozyaistvennoi mekhaniki [Issues of agricultural mechanics]. Minsk, 1964, vol. 13, pp. 5–147 (in Russian).

20. Orda A. N. Ecological and energy bases for the formation of machine-tractor aggregates. Ph.Dr. thesis in engineering. Minsk, 1997. 269 p. (in Russian).

21. Orda A. N., Seleshi A. B. Soil compaction under the influence of drive systems. Agropanorama [Agropanorama], 2007, no. 1, pp. 13–16 (in Russian).

22. Voronin A. D. Bases of soil physics. Moscow, Publishing House of Moscow State University, 1986. 244 p. (in Russian).