ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL LEVEL OF MILK PRODUCTION PROCESSES

Abstract

The Republic of Belarus takes the 4th place in the world in production of milk per capita and occupies leading positions in development of dairy industry. However, despite the relatively high quantitative results, the national dairy industry is char-acterized by high level of expenses and relatively low performance. In this regard, to improve the profitability and hence the competitiveness of dairy products in the world market, it is required to reduce the unit costs and to take the national dairy industry to a new level of quality. Based on the analysis of trends in the dairy industry and new scientific knowledge on the biosynthesis of milk, the paper describes conceptual approach for development of physiologically sparing process of cows machine milking and the corresponding technological equipment for its implementation. A generalized indicator was proposed – the level of unit costs, allowing to assess the efficiency of milk production and evaluate the scientific and technical level of the production processes. It is shown that even with no changes of the overall energy consumption for all the milk production processes and machine milking, and only due to milking process improvement, the level of unit costs can be reduced by over 3 times. The analysis allowed to formulate the basic directions of modernization of milk production processes, deriving from minimization of unit costs level, and which are relevant for dairy farming in any country of the world, as soon as they are objective.