Связь полиморфизма генов молочных белков с удоем коров-первотелок – дочерей быков красно-пестрой голштинской породы

The study was conducted on 54 first-calf heifers, the daughters of bulls Imbir 23433, Tyson 1060, and Tonik 5155, from the Lenintsy Agricultural Production Cooperative Breeding Farm, Maysky District, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The frequency of individual alleles was determined using the method of E. K. Merkuryeva (1977). The objective of the study was to compare the genetic polymorphism of the highest- and lowest-yielding daughters of bulls for the prolactin (PRL) and kappa-casein (CSN3) genes. A comparative assessment showed that heterozygous AB genotypes for the PRL gene are more common in the daughters of bulls Tyson 1060 (81.8 %) and Imbir 23433 (62.5 %). Among the daughters of Tonik 5155, the AA and AB genotypes were distributed 50 % each, and among all 54 daughters of the bulls, there was not a single individual with the BB genotype. On average, the proportion of heterozygous genotypes for the PRL gene was twice as high (66.7 %) as that of homozygous genotypes (33.3 %). Conversely, for the CSN3 gene, the greatest number of daughters (75 %) had the homozygous genotype aa and only 12 heads (25 %) had the heterozygous genotype ab. According to the results of studies on the PRL gene genotype, the proportion of heterozygous AB genotypes was twice as high as that of homozygous AA, the frequency of the A allele was 0.67, and the a allele was 0.88. The sample did not contain a single individual homozygous for either the BB or bb genotypes. A comparative evaluation of various selection options indicates that, at this stage, the use of these markers, unlike phenotype, does not allow for the selection of the best animals. At this stage, zootechnical methods remain the preferred approach for building a high-yielding herd.

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