Использование насекомых в качестве альтернативного источника белка в питании сельскохозяйственной птицы: обзор (на английском языке)

   В современном мире птицеводство является наиболее динамично развивающейся отраслью АПК, обеспечивающей население планеты продуктами животного происхождения. Вместе с тем производители мяса птицы в развивающихся странах сталкиваются с проблемами высокой стоимости и низкого качества кормов для сельскохозяйственной птицы. Ограничение использования доступных источников протеина вынуждает специалистов рассматривать возможность применения альтернативных источников белка, таких как кормовые насекомые. Благодаря высокому содержанию жировых (30–40 %) и белковых (40–60 %) компонентов и широкому распространению насекомые являются экономически эффективным и потенциально устойчивым кормовым ресурсом для кормления сельскохозяйственной птицы. Проведенные исследования подтверждают, что мука из насекомых (личинки черной львинки, комнатной мухи, большой мучной хрущак, шелкопряд, кузнечик, саранча) может рассматриваться в качестве потенциальной замены рыбной муки и соевого шрота в кормовых смесях для птицеводства. Представлен обзор научных литературных источников, в которых освещены вопросы использования насекомых в качестве источника белка и биологически активных веществ (полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты и антимикробные пептиды) при кормлении сельскохозяйственной птицы и возможность крупномасштабного клиширования насекомых для производства кормов. Приводятся сведения о химическом составе, пищевой и биологической ценности кормовой муки из насекомых в сравнении с соевой и рыбной мукой. В литературных источниках практически отсутствует информация о негативных последствиях для роста цыплят при использовании в кормлении муки из насекомых. В большинстве научных публикаций указывается на то, что физиологические показатели и продуктивность при использовании в кормлении птицы муки из насекомых практически не уступали аналогичным показателям у птиц, в рацион которых вводили соевую или рыбную муку. Таким образом, использование насекомых в качестве кормового компонента при выращивании сельскохозяйственной птицы является перспективным направлением устойчивого развития животноводства, позволяющим решить проблемы переработки отходов и рационально использовать кормовые ресурсы.

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