Evolution of breeding process for reproduction of domestic producing bulls in the Republic of Belarus

The leading element in breeding programs for breeding and improving the breeds of dairy cattle in highly developed countries is reproduction of high-quality producing bulls. The paper presents the results of producing bulls breeding when creating Belarusian black-and-white breed of dairy cattle, techniques and methods of obtaining improving bulls when improving the Holsteinized dairy cattle of the republic at the present stage. It is shown that historically evolution of the breeding process of reproduction of domestic black-and-white bulls is based on imported breeding material from different countries (bulls, semen, heifers). Analysis of solution to the problem of using imported animals is presented. Periods of creating a breeding base for reproduction of imported material have been determined, methodological approaches and possibilities of breeding domestic producing bulls in the republic have been specified. Efficiency of breeding business for introduction of modern methods and techniques for assessing and reproduction of high quality breeding animals has been revealed. The periods of breeding process for reproduction of domestic producing bulls have been chronologically distinguished, including three stages: the first 1930-1990, the second 1990-2000, the third 2000 to the present. Substantiation of these time stages is based on the results of breeding activities carried out by scientists and breeders of the republic, and the social and economic conditions of those periods. Analysis of the created breeding base for reproduction of imported material has been carried out, including both breeding stock of breeding plants for parental forms breeding, as well as state breeding enterprises for rearing, evaluating and using the producing bulls. Normative legal documents developed by specialists of state services, scientists of the Belarusian Research Institute for Animal Breeding for the scheduled formation of the breeding base of dairy cattle in the republic have been indicated. The research results will make it possible to develop a concept for reproduction of highly valuable domestic improving bulls in terms of breeding for formation of Belarusian Holstein dairy cattle meeting modern production technology requirements in the context of intensification of the industry based on increase in the role of genetic factors. 

1. Labinov V., Plemyashov K., Saksa E., Saplitskii L., Stepanov P. Breeding centres: a crucial component. Zhivotnovodstvo Rossii [Animal Husbandry of Russia], 2015, no. 6, pp. 34-38 (in Russian).

2. Egiazaryan A. V., Konyushko I. V., Trusova L. Yu. At the cuttind age of dairy cattle breeding in the Russian Federation. Molochnoe i myasnoe skotovodstvo = Dairy and Beef Cattle Farming, 2015, no. 5, pp. 9-12 (in Russian).

3. Popov N., Fedotova E., Alekseeva I. Characteristics of the offspring of bulls identified as «leaders» during fixation in the dairy herd. Glavnyi zootekhnik [Chief Zootechnician], 2013, no. 11, pp. 10-19 (in Russian).

4. Sudarev N., Abylkasymov D., Kotel’nikova M., Romanenko A., Suslov A. Factors limiting reproduction in high performance dairy herd. Molochnoe i myasnoe skotovodstvo = Dairy and Beef Cattle Farming, 2012, no. 1, pp. 19-20 (in Russian).

5. Sidorova V. Improving characteristics of dairy cows. Zhivotnovodstvo Rossii [Animal Husbandry of Russia], 2015, no. 2, pp. 45-46 (in Russian).

6. Egiazaryan A. V., Dmitriev V. B., Turlova Yu. G. The system for evaluating the breeding qualities of dairy cattle by transmitting ability: selection matrix. St. Petersburg, All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Farm Animal Breeding, Plinor Publ., 2010. 72 p. (in Russian).

7. Amelin A. I. Economically useful traits of daughters of Holstein bulls of different breeding. Ph.D. Thesis. Moscow, 2008. 110 p. (in Russian).

8. Vakhoneva A. A. Increase in the productive longevity of cows of the black-and-white breed. Abstract of Ph.D. diss. p. Forest glades, Moscow region, 2010. 20 p. (in Russian).

9. Eskin G., Savachaev V., Fatrakhmanov R., Turbina I. Bull evaluation by its sons’ breeding value as a method for selection of a bull continuing the line and a leading bull. Molochnoe i myasnoe skotovodstvo = Dairy and Beef Cattle Farming, 2012, no. 6, pp. 6-8 (in Russian).

10. Amerkhanov Kh., Yanchukov I., Ermilov A., Kharitonov S. Some features of dairy cattle selection schemes in Russian Federation. Molochnoe i myasnoe skotovodstvo = Dairy and Beef Cattle Farming, 2012, suppl. 1, pp. 15-18 (in Russian).

11. Koldaeva E. Animal breeding requires a special approach. Zhivotnovodstvo Rossii [Animal Husbandry of Russia], 2017, no. 1, pp. 42-44 (in Russian).

12. Prozorova M. L. Improvement of methods of planning pedigree work with cattle herds at breeding farms. Ph.D. Thesis. Vologda, Molochoe, 2005. 166 p. (in Russian).

13. Valitov X., Karamaev S., Kornilova V., Myuller D. Influence of the type of selection of parental pairs and lines on the productive longevity of cows. Glavnyi zootekhnik [Chief Zootechnician], 2016, no. 9, pp. 14-19 (in Russian).

14. Abramova N. I., Vlasova G. S., Khromova O. L., Bogoradova L. N., Fedorova E. A. Improvement of genealogical structure of the population of Black-and-White breed cattle of pedigree farms of the Vologda region. Zootekhniya, 2016, no. 6, pp. 2-4 (in Russian).

15. Dedov M. D., Sivkin N. V. Peculiarities of cows with high life productivity. Zootekhniya, 2004, no. 10, pp. 2-4 (in Russian).

16. Kuznetsova V. V. Improvement of methods for assessing the genotype of bulls. Abstract of Ph.D. diss. St. Petersburg, 2004. 22 p. (in Russian).

17. Proshina O. V., Boikov Yu. V. Evaluating livestock using the parent index. Zootekhniya, 2000, no. 3, pp. 4-6 (in Russian).

18. Tikhomirov A. I., Mil’chevskii V. D., Chinarov V. I., Filatova A. L. From selection indices to economic-genetic model of selection. Zootekhniya, 2014, no. 7, pp. 5-6 (in Russian).

19. Vil’chinskii A. D. Black-and-motley cattle of Belarus and ways its improvement. Minsk, Uradzhai Publ., 1967. 139 p. (in Russian).

20. Aleshin A. A. The use of Dutch (Frisian) bulls to improve the black-and-white cattle of Belarus. Abstract of Ph.D. diss. Minsk, 1970. 22 p. (in Russian).

21. Grin’ M. P., Vil’chinskii A. D., Strikun A. A. The results of improving the productive qualities of black-and-white cattle in Belarus. Nauchnye osnovy razvitiya zhivotnovodstva v Belorussii: mezhvedomstvennyi sbornik [Scientific fundamentals of the development of livestock in Belarus: an interdepartmental collection]. Minsk, 1974, iss. 4, pp. 8-12 (in Russian).

22. Grin’ M. P. Reliability of the method of selecting bulls for the productivity of female ancestors and its place in the system of breeding work with dairy cattle. Nauchnye osnovy razvitiya zhivotnovodstva v BSSR: mezhvedomstvennyi sbornik [Scientific fundamentals of the development of livestock in the BSSR: an interdepartmental collection]. Minsk, 1980, iss. 10, pp. 19–23 (in Russian).

23. Griny’ M. P. (ed.). Improving black-and-white cattle. Minsk, Uradzhai Publ., 1979. 151 p. (in Russian).

24. Grin’ M. P. Optimization of dairy cattle breeding programs. Zootekhnicheskaya nauka Belarusi: sbornik trudov [Zootechnical science of Belarus: collection of works]. Minsk, 1989, vol. 30, pp. 8–13 (in Russian).

25. Grin’ M. P., Yakusevich A. M. Improving the breeding and productive qualities of dairy cattle. Minsk, Uradzhai Publ., 1989. 144 p. (in Russian).

26. Popkov N. A., Sheiko I. P. Problems of scientific support of animal husbandry in Belarus. Innovatsii v zhivotnovodstve segodnya i zavtra: sbornik nauchnykh statei po materialam mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii, posvyashchennoi 70-letiyu RUP “Nauchno-prakticheskii tsentr Natsional’noi akademii nauk Belarusi po zhivotnovodstvu” (g. Zhodino, 19-20 dekabrya 2019 g.) [Innovations in animal husbandry today and tomorrow: a collection of scientific articles based on the papers of the international scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the RUE “Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Animal Breeding” (Zhodino, December 19-20, 2019). Minsk, 2019, pp. 15-20 (in Russian).

27. Kazarovets N. V. Improvement of black-and-white cattle based on the principles of large-scale selection. Gorki, 1998. 261 p. (in Russian).

28. Rakovets E. V. (ed.). A collection of papers on breeding and reproduction of livestock at farms of the BSSR. Minsk, 1990. 55 p. (in Russian).

29. Pavlova T. V., Saskevich S. I., Kazarovets N. V. Assessment of bulls of different genotypes by their origin at the RUE “Nesvizh branch of the Minsk breeding enterprise”. Aktual’nye problemy intensivnogo razvitiya zhivotnovodstva: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Actual problems of the intensive development of animal husbandry: a collection of scientific papers]. Gorki, 2009, iss. 12, pt. 2, pp. 481-487 (in Russian).

30. Kramarenko A. S., Yanchukov I. N., Ermilov A. N., Sermyagin A. A., Gladyr’ E. A., Zinov’eva N. A. The effectiveness of using linear models to assess the offspring of bulls of the Holstein breed. Molochnoe i myasnoe skotovodstvo = Dairy and Beef Cattle Farming, 2014, no. 6, pp. 15-18 (in Russian).

31. Kazarovets N.V., Pavlova T.V., Martynov A.V., Moiseev K. A. Technology of the use of purebred animals with a high yield in dairy cattle breeding. Vestsi Natsyyanal’nai akademii navuk Belarusi. Seryya agrarnykh navuk = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian series, 2015, no. 3, pp. 93-98 (in Russian).