Directions and main results of winter wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) breeding in the Republic of Belarus

Creation of new varieties of winter wheat is one of the primary and decisive roles in increasing the genetic potential of productivity and obtaining high-quality grain. According to global trends, the main directions are clearly defined when creating new varieties of this culture in the Republic of Belarus: increasing winter resistance, resistance to disease, lodging, stressful environmental factors, increasing the baking and forage qualities of grain. Currently, new short-stemmed, highly productive varieties of Belarusian selection are offered for agricultural production: Elegy, Ode of Augustine, Mroya, Etude, Girlianda, Amelia, which are characterized by high genetic productivity potential. New varieties have significantly increased environmental stability, general adaptability to adverse environmental factors, baking and forage advantages. During creation of new varieties, new approaches and selection methods were developed and improved, a number of fundamental problems were solved. Thanks to development and practical application of molecular genetic methods, the selection process has been accelerated. A number of genes responsible for various economically useful traits are localized for wheat. Creation of new varieties of winter wheat using modern breeding-and-genetic methods, development and improvement of breeding methods are strategically significant areas both in relation to fundamental developments, and in practical terms, to ensure food security in conditions of hard competition from Western and Eastern Europe.

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