Directions and main results of winter wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) breeding in the Republic of Belarus

Creation of new varieties of winter wheat is one of the primary and decisive roles in increasing the genetic potential of productivity and obtaining high-quality grain. According to global trends, the main directions are clearly defined when creating new varieties of this culture in the Republic of Belarus: increasing winter resistance, resistance to disease, lodging, stressful environmental factors, increasing the baking and forage qualities of grain. Currently, new short-stemmed, highly productive varieties of Belarusian selection are offered for agricultural production: Elegy, Ode of Augustine, Mroya, Etude, Girlianda, Amelia, which are characterized by high genetic productivity potential. New varieties have significantly increased environmental stability, general adaptability to adverse environmental factors, baking and forage advantages. During creation of new varieties, new approaches and selection methods were developed and improved, a number of fundamental problems were solved. Thanks to development and practical application of molecular genetic methods, the selection process has been accelerated. A number of genes responsible for various economically useful traits are localized for wheat. Creation of new varieties of winter wheat using modern breeding-and-genetic methods, development and improvement of breeding methods are strategically significant areas both in relation to fundamental developments, and in practical terms, to ensure food security in conditions of hard competition from Western and Eastern Europe.

1. Gubanov Ya. V., Ivanov N. N. Winter wheat. 2nd ed. Moscow, Agropromizdat Publ., 1988. 303 p. (in Russian).

2. Rybalkin N. P. Development of the ideas of the bread father. Pshenitsa i tritikale: materialy nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii «Zelenaya revolyutsiya P. P. Luk’yanenko», Krasnodar, 28–30 maya 2001 g. [Wheat and triticale: proceedings of the scientific and practical conference “The green revolution of P. P. Lukyanenko”, Krasnodar, May 28–30, 2001]. Krasnodar, 2001, pp. 6–13 (in Russian).

3. Privalov F. I. Scientific support of the arable farming industry. Zemledelie i zashchita rastenii [Agriculture and Plant Protection], 2017, app. to no. 6, pp. 3–4 (in Russian).

4. Grib,S. I., Urban E. P., Bushtevich V. N., Gordei S. I., Zubkovich A. A., Khaletskii S. P. (et al.). The contribution of plant breeding in increasing of crop yields. Zemledelie i zashchita rastenii [Agriculture and Plant Protection], 2017, app. to no. 6, pp. 5–6 (in Russian).

5. Shevelukha V. S., Vasilenko I. I. The most important problems of increasing the winter hardiness of winter crops. Povyshenie zimostoikosti ozimykh zernovykh: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Increasing the winter hardiness of winter crops: a collection of scientific papers]. Мoscow, 1993, pp. 3–14 (in Russian).

6. Shpaar D. (ed.). Cereal crops. Vol. 2. Cultivation, harvesting, completion and use. 3rd ed. Moscow, DLV AGRODELO Publ., 2008, pp. 337–654 (in Russian).

7. Bel’tyukov L. P. Variety, technology, yield. Rostov-on-Don, Kniga Publ., 2002. 176 p. (in Russian).

8. Pyl’nev V. V., Pyl’neva E. V. The evolutionary value of the breeding work of P. P. Lukyanenko. Pshenitsa i tritikale: materialy nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii «Zelenaya revolyutsiya P. P. Luk’yanenko», Krasnodar, 28–30 maya 2001 g. [Wheat and triticale: proceedings of the scientific and practical conference “The green revolution of P. P. Lukyanenko”, Krasnodar, May 28–30, 2001]. Krasnodar, 2001, pp. 171–177 (in Russian).

9. Egorov G. A. Technological characteristics of grain. Zernovoe khozyaistvo [Grain Farming], 2002, no. 7, pp. 28–31 (in Russian).

10. Shelepov V. V., Malasai V. M., Penzev A. F., Kochmarskii V. S., Shelepov A. V. Wheat grain quality. Morfologiya, biologiya, khozyaistvennaya tsennost’ pshenitsy [Morphology, biology, and economic value of wheat]. Mironovka, 2004, pp. 360–426 (in Russian).

11. Gordei S. I., Urban E. P., Satsyuk I. V. Varieties and cultivation technology of soft winter wheat. Zemledelie i zashchita rastenii [Agriculture and Plant Protection], 2018, app. to no. 4, pp. 3–10 (in Russian).

12. Urazaliev R. A., Kokhmetova A. M. Analysis of the genotype-environment interaction of varietal and hybrid populations of winter wheat. Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya biologiya = Agricultural Вiology, 1993, no. 1, pp. 33–42 (in Russian).

13. Askhadullin D. F., Askhadullin D. F. Backgrounds for selection in winter wheat breeding. Razvitie nauchnogo naslediya N. I. Vavilova v sovremennykh selek tsionnykh issledovaniyakh: materialy Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii., 13–14 marta 2012 g. [Development of the scientific heritage of N. I. Vavilov in modern breeding research: proceedings of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference., March 13–14, 2012]. Kazan, 2012, pp. 54–59 (in Russian).

14. Nabokov G. D. Inheritance of a frost resistance trait in winter soft wheat. Selektsiya ozimoi pshenitsy : sbornik dokladov nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii «Nauchnoe nasledie akademika I. G. Kalinenko», Zernograd, 27–28 noyabrya 2001 g. [Breeding of winter wheat: a collection of reports of the scientific-practical conference “Scientific heritage of academician I. G. Kalinenko”, Zernograd, November 27–28, 2001]. Zernograd, 2001, pp. 171–177 (in Russian).

15. Grabovets A. I., Fomenko M. A. Some aspects of the breeding of winter wheat on winter hardiness in a changing climate. Doklady Rossiiskoi akademii sel’skokhozyaistvennykh nauk [Proceedings of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences], 2014, no. 6, pp. 3–6 (in Russian).

16. Sukhorukov A. F., Sukhorukov A. A. Strategy of breeding of winter wheat in the conditions of variability of agrometeorological conditions of vegetation. Izvestiya Samarskogo nauchnogo tsentra Rossiiskoi akademii nauk = Izvestia of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2018, vol. 20, no. 2 (2), pp. 239–244 (in Russian).

17. Os’machko O. M. Wheat varieties and first generation hybrids resistance to septoriosis under the conditions of North-East Forest Steppe regions of Ukraine. Agrobіologіya = Agrobiology, 2015, no. 1, pp. 39–44 (in Ukrainian).

18. Usik L. O., Bazalii G. G., Kolesnikova N. D. Ecological testing of winter wheat varieties bred at institute of irrigated farming of the Ukranian National Academy of Agrarian Sciences in Turkey. Sortovivchennya ta okhorona prav na sorti roslin = Plant Varieties Studying and Protection, 2015, no. 1–2 (26–27), pp. 77–82 (in Ukrainian). https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.1-2(26-27).2015.55917

19. Khomenko L. O., Sandets’ka N. V. Sources of complex resistance of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for adaptive breeding. Sortovivchennya ta okhorona prav na sorti roslin = Plant Varieties Studying and Protection, 2018, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 270–276 (in Ukrainian). https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.14.3.2018.145289

20. Artemova G. V., Stepochkin P. I., Ponomarenko V. I., Ermoshkina N. N., Ponomarenko G. V. Evaluation of winter wheat varieties bred in Siberia as to ecological plasticity and stability parameters. Sibirskii vestnik sel’skokhozyaistvennoi nauki = Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science, 2015, no. 6 (247), pp. 5–11 (in Russian).

21. Sokolenko N. I., Komarov N. M., Galushko N. A., Dubina V. V. Sources of high grain quality in breeding of soft winter wheat and triticale. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK = Achievements of Science and Technology of AIC, 2018, vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 33–36 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.24411/0235-2451-2018-11108

22. Sandukhadze B. I., Korovushkina M. S., Kochetygov G. V., Rybakova M. I., Bugrova V. V. Initial material in winter wheat selection on shortstalk, productivity and quality. Zernovoe khozyaistvo Rossii = Grain Economy of Russia, 2012, no. 3, pp. 17–23 (in Russian).

23. Kochmars’kii V. S., Kolomієts’ L. A., Kirilenko V. V., Kavunets’ V. P., Marinka S. M. Bread winter wheat breeding (Triticum aestivum L.) using spring varieties genepool in forest-steppe Environments of Ukraine. Sortovivchennya ta okhorona prav na sorti roslin = Plant Varieties Studying and Protection, 2010, no. 1 (11), pp. 21–26 (in Ukrainian).

24. Satsyuk I. V., Gordei S. I., Kot V. V., Ardashnikova A. E., Trushko V. Yu., Shanbanovich A. Yu. Evaluation of new breeding material of winter soft wheat in the Central zone of the Republic of Belarus. Zemledelie i selektsiya v Belarusi: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Arable farming and plant breeding in Belarus: collection of scientific papers]. Minsk, 2018, iss. 54, pp. 286–291 (in Russian).

25. Tishchenko V. N., Ishchenko A. G., Dubenets N. V. The identification of winter wheat varieties and breeding lines in the cluster analysis according to balance the quantitative traits in the adaptive selection. Vestnik Kurganskoi GSKhA = Vestnik Kurganskoj GSHA, 2016, no. 1 (17), pp. 41–44 (in Russian).

26. Satsyuk I. V., Gordei S. I., Ardashnikova A. E., Trushko V. Yu., Shanbanovich A. Yu. The results of the study of new varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at different levels of cultivation intensification. Zemledelie i selektsiya v Belarusi: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Arable farming and plant breeding in Belarus: collection of scientific papers]. Minsk, 2017, iss. 53, pp. 127–131 (in Russian).

27. Grabovets A. I., Fomenko M. A. Breeding for strengthening of the environmental plasticity of winter wheat when creating highly productive varieties. Genetika i selektsiya na Donu: sbornik statei [Genetics and breeding in the Don region: collection of articles]. Rostov-on-Don, 2014, vol. 4, pp. 38–49 (in Russian).

28. Konovalova I. V., Bogdan P. M., Klykov A. G. Manifestation of heterosis effect on the basic productivity elements of intraspecific hybrids of spring soft wheat. Dal’nevostochnyi agrarnyi vestnik = Fast Eastern Agrarian Herald, 2017, no. 3 (43), pp. 50–55 (in Russian).

29. Nekrasova O. A. Types of inheritance plant height in F1 hybrids soft winter wheat. Agrarnyi vestnik Urala = Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals, 2014, no. 11 (129), pp. 12–15 (in Russian).

30. Kostylev P. I., Nekrasova O. A. Study of types of inheritance of several traits of soft winter wheat and its combining ability. Zernovoe khozyaistvo Rossii = Grain Economy of Russia, 2015, no. 6, pp. 10–15 (in Russian).

31. Privalov F. I., Urban E. P., Gordei S. I. The basic results and prospects of biotechnology use in breeding of agricultural crops. Molekulyarnaya i prikladnaya genetika: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Molecular and applied genetics: a collection of scientific papers]. Minsk, 2015, vol. 19, pp. 13–24 (in Russian).