vestiagИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия аграрных наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series1817-72041817-7239The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1817-7204-2026-64-2-111-127vestiag-860Research ArticleЗЕМЛЯРОБСТВА І РАСЛІНАВОДСТВAAGRICULTURE AND PLANT CULTIVATIONРизогенез in vitro и адаптация ex vitro сортов груши, районированных в БеларусиIn vitro rhizogenesis and ex vitro adaptation of pear cultivars regionalized in BelarusКолбановаЕ. В.KolbanovaE. V.

Колбанова Елена Вячеславовна – кандидат биологических наук, доцент, заведующий лабораторией диагностики отдела биотехнологии

ул. Ковалева, 2, 223013, Самохваловичи, Минский район, Минская область

Elena V. Kolbanova – Ph. D. (Biology), Associate Pro- fessor, Head of Diagnostics Laboratory of Biotechnology Department

2, Kovalyov St., 223013, Samokhvalovichy, Minsk District, Minsk Region

el.kolbanova@mail.ruКухарчикН. В.KukharchykN. V.

Кухарчик Наталья Валерьевна – доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор, заведующий отделом биотехнологии

ул. Ковалева, 2, 223013, Самохваловичи, Минский район, Минская область

Natallia V. Kukharchyk – Dr. Sc. (Agriculture), Professor, Head of Biotechnology Department

2, Kovalyov St., 223013, Samokhvalovichy, Minsk District, Minsk Region

nkykhartchyk@gmail.comБожидайТ. Н.BazhydaiT. N.

Божидай Татьяна Николаевна – кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела биотехнологии, доцент

ул. Ковалева, 2, 223013, Самохваловичи, Минский район, Минская область

Tatsiana N. Bazhydai – Ph. D. (Biology), Associate Professor, Leading Researcher of Biotechnology Department

2, Kovalyov St., 223013, Samokhvalovichy, Minsk District, Minsk Region

tanya_bozhidaj@mail.ruИнститут плодоводства, Национальная академия наук БеларусиNational Academy of Sciences of Belarus202629042026642111127Copyright © Колбанова Е.В., Кухарчик Н.В., Божидай Т.Н., 20262026Колбанова Е.В., Кухарчик Н.В., Божидай Т.Н.Kolbanova E.V., Kukharchyk N.V., Bazhydai T.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestiagr.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/860

Объектами исследований стали 7 районированных в Республике Беларусь сортов груши, в том числе 6 белорусской селекции (Белорусская поздняя, Купала, Просто Мария, Спакуса, Ясачка, Кудесница) и интродуцированный сорт Талгарская красавица. При одноэтапном укоренении сортов груши использование среды DKW с уменьшенной концентрацией макросолей (¼), микросолей (½), железа (60 мг/л Ferric-EDDHA), сахарозы (2 %), дополненной 1,0 мг/л ИМК, позволяет получить 27,0 % укорененных растений сорта Белорусская поздняя, 43,0 % – Кудесница, 73,0 % – Просто Мария, 33,0 % – Талгарская красавица и 63,0 % – Ясачка. Для сортов Купала и Спакуса добавление ИМК в концентрации 0,2 мг/л обеспечивает 89,0 и 90,0 % соответственно укорененных растений без образования мягкого каллуса у основания побегов. Двухэтапная схема укоренения (темновая фаза – 7 дней – на агаризованной среде MS с концентрацией макросолей ½ или ¼, микросолей ½, сахарозы 2 %, ИМК 3 или 5 мг/л и последующее культивирование при освещении в течение 6 недель на безгормональной среде того же минерального состава, что и в темновую фазу, с добавлением вермикулита или без вермикулита) позволяет получить высокий процент укорененных растений-регенерантов у всех сортов. Эффективность адаптации ex vitro растений-регенерантов груши составила 92,9–100,0 % при применении стерильного субстрата торф : агроперлит (1 : 1). Увеличить количество адаптированных растений сортов груши можно за счет посадки в субстрат не только укорененных in vitro растений-регенерантов, но и растений, которые не дали корней при культивировании на среде, содержащей ИМК. У сортов Спакуса, Купала, Ясачка 79,0–88,0 % неукорененных микропобегов давали корни при посадке в стерильный субстрат. У сортов Талгарская красавица, Кудесница и Белорусская поздняя данный показатель колебался от 18,0 до 25,0 %, у сорта Просто Мария достигал 44,0 %.

The objects of study were 7 pear cultivars zoned in the Republic of Belarus including 6 cultivars of Belarusian selection (Belorusskaya Pozdnyaya, Kupala, Prosto Maria, Spakusa, Yasachka, Kudesnitsa) and introduced cultivar (Talgarskaya Krasavitsa). At one-stage rooting of pear cultivars, the use of DKW medium with a reduced concentration of macrosalts (¼), microsalts (½), iron (60 mg/l Ferric-EDDHA), sucrose (2 %), supplemented with 1.0 mg/l IBA allows to obtain 27.0 % of rooted plants of cv. Belorusskaya Pozdnyaya, 43.0 % of cv. Kudesnitsa, 73.0 % of cv. Prosto Maria, 33.0 % of cv. Talgarskaya Krasavitsa, and 63.0 % of cv. Yasachka. For cultivars Kupala and Spakusa, the use of 0.2 mg/l IBA provides 89.0 and 90.0 %, respectively, rooted plants without formation of soft callus at the base of shoots. The use of two-stage rooting schemes (dark phase (7 days) on MS agar medium with concentration of macrosalts (½ or ¼), microsalts (½), sucrose (2 %), IBA (3 or 5 mg/l), and subsequent cultivation under illumination (6 weeks) on a hormone-free medium of the same mineral composition as in dark phase, with or without vermiculite) allows obtaining the high percentage of rooted microplants in all cultivars. The efficiency of ex vitro adaptation of pear regenerated plants was 92.9–100.0 % when using a sterile peat : agroperlite (1 : 1) substrate. The number of adapted plants of pear cultivars can be increased by planting in the substrate not only in vitro rooted regenerated plants, but also plants that did not produce roots when cultivated on medium containing IBA. For cultivars Spakusa, Kupala, Yasachka 79.0–88.0 % of unrooted microshoots produced roots when planted in sterile substrate. For cultivars Talgarskaya Krasavitsa, Kudesnitsa, and Belorusskaya Pozdnyaya rooting rate varied from 18.0 to 25.0 %, for Prosto Maria – 44.0 %. 

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