vestiagИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия аграрных наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series1817-72041817-7239The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1817-7204-2025-63-3-204-218vestiag-814Research ArticleЗЕМЛЯРОБСТВА І РАСЛІНАВОДСТВAAGRICULTURE AND PLANT CULTIVATIONОптимизация этапа микроразмножения in vitro сортов груши, районированных в БеларусиOptimization of in vitro micropropagation stage of pear varieties regionalized in BelarusКолбановаЕ. В.KolbanovaE. V.

Колбанова Елена Вячеславовна – кандидат биологических наук, доцент, заведующий лабораторией диагностики отдела биотехнологии

ул. Ковалева, 2, 223013, Самохваловичи, Минский район, Минская область

Elena V. Kolbanova – Ph. D. (Biology), Associate Professor, Head of Diagnostics Laboratory of Biotechnology Department

2, Kovalyov St., 223013, Samokhvalovichy, Minsk District, Minsk Region

kolbanova@tut.byКухарчикН. В.KukharchykN. V.

Кухарчик Наталья Валерьевна – доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор, заведующий отделом биотехнологии

ул. Ковалева, 2, 223013, Самохваловичи, Минский район, Минская область

Natallia V. Kukharchyk – Dr. Sc. (Agriculture), Professor, Head of Biotechnology Department

2, Kovalyov St., 223013, Samokhvalovichy, Minsk District, Minsk Region

nkykhartchyk@gmail.comБожидайТ. Н.BazhydaiT. N.

Божидай Татьяна Николаевна – кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела биотехнологии, доцент

ул. Ковалева, 2, 223013, Самохваловичи, Минский район, Минская область

Tatsiana N. Bazhydai – Ph. D. (Biology), Associate Professor, Leading Researcher of Biotechnology Department

2, Kovalyov St., 223013, Samokhvalovichy, Minsk District, Minsk Region

tanya_bozhidaj@mail.ruИнститут плодоводства, Национальная академия наук БеларусиInstitute for Fruit Growing, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus202501082025633204218Copyright © Колбанова Е.В., Кухарчик Н.В., Божидай Т.Н., 20252025Колбанова Е.В., Кухарчик Н.В., Божидай Т.Н.Kolbanova E.V., Kukharchyk N.V., Bazhydai T.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestiagr.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/814

Объектами исследований стали 9 районированных в Республике Беларусь сортов груши, в том числе 8 белорусской селекции (Белорусская поздняя, Вилия, Завея, Купала, Просто Мария, Спакуса, Ясачка (P. communis × P.× ussuriensis), Кудесница (P. communis × P.× pyrifolia)) и 1 интродуцированный сорт Талгарская красавица (P. communis × P.×  pyrifolia). Определены оптимальные питательные среды для размножения груши: для сортов Купала, Просто Мария и Ясачка – агаризованная среда DKW; для сортов Спакуса, Талгарская красавица, Белорусская поздняя, Кудесница – DKW и модифицированная среда MS (содержание NH4NO3 уменьшено до ¼). Оптимальная концентрация 6-БА для размножения сортов груши составила 1,0 мг/л. Повышение концентрации 6-БА до 2,0 мг/л позволяет увеличивать количество побегов на эксплант, но уменьшает высоту побегов (т. е. пригодность к укоренению) и вызывает появление узких и неразвернутых листьев с признаками витрификации. Стимуляция роста пазушных почек и повышение коэффициента размножения всех изученных сортов груши с сохранением качества побегов может быть достигнута путем удаления верхушечной почки и листьев у микропобегов и их горизонтальным расположением (длина побега 1,5–2 см) на питательной среде. Использование сосудов для культивирования большого объема (250–450 мл) положительно влияет на скорость пролиферации сортов груши. 

The objects of the study were 9 pear varieties regionalized in the Republic of Belarus including 8 varieties of Belarusian selection (Belorusskaya pozdnyaya, Viliya, Zaveya, Kupala, Prosto Maria, Spakusa, Yasachka (P. communis × P.× ussuriensis), Kudesnitsa (P. communis × P.× pyrifolia)) and 1 introduced variety Talgarskaya krasavitsa (P. communis × P.× pyrifolia). Optimal nutrient media for pear propagation were determined: agarized DKW medium for varieties Kupala, Prosto Maria and Yasachka, and DKW and modified MS medium (the NH4NO3 content was reduced to ¼) for varieties Spakusa, Talgarskaya krasavitsa, Belorusskaya pozdnyaya, and Kudesnitsa. The optimal concentration of 6-BA for propagation of pear varieties made 1.0 mg/l. Increasing the concentration of 6-BA to 2.0 mg/l allows increasing the number of shoots per explant, but reduces the height of the shoots (i. e. readiness for rooting) and results in narrow and unexpanded leaves with symptoms of vitrification. Stimulation of growth of axillary buds and increase in propagation coefficient of all studied pear varieties, maintaining the quality of the shoots, can be achieved by removing the apical bud and leaves of microshoots and placing them horizontally (shoot length 1.5–2 cm) on nutrient medium. The use of large-volume culture vessels (250–450 ml) has a positive effect on proliferation rate of pear varieties.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.