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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestiag</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия аграрных наук</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1817-7204</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1817-7239</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/1817-7204-2025-63-1-58-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestiag-786</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕХАНІЗАЦЫЯ І ЭНЕРГЕТЫКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MECHANIZATION AND POWER ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ основных этапов совершенствования технических средств для внесения минеральных удобрений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of the main stages of improvement of technical means for the application of mineral fertilizers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2122-3281</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Азаренко</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Azarenko</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Азаренко Владимир Витальевич – член-корреспондент Национальной академии наук Беларуси, доктор технических наук, доцент, академик-секретарь</p><p>пр. Независимости, 66, 220072, Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Azarenko – Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Dr. Sc. (Engineering), Associate Professor</p><p>66, Nezavisimosti Ave., 220072, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">azarenko@presidiun.basnet.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жешко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zheshka</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жешко Александр Анатольевич – кандидат технических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>ул. Кнорина, 1, 220049, Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aliaxandr A. Zheshka – Ph. D. (Engineering), Associate Professor, Leading Researcher</p><p>1, Knorin Str., 220049, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">azeshko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Отделение аграрных наук Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academic Secretary of the Department of Agrarian Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-практический центр Национальной академии наук Беларуси  по механизации сельского хозяйства</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Agriculture Mechanization</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>63</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Азаренко В.В., Жешко А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Азаренко В.В., Жешко А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Azarenko V.V., Zheshka A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestiagr.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/786">https://vestiagr.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/786</self-uri><abstract><p>В Республике Беларусь урожайность сельскохозяйственных культур за последние 60 лет увеличилась в 3,5–5 раз за счет совокупного результата работ в сфере селекции, механизации применения удобрений и химических средств защиты растений, что является значительным достижением науки и практики [1, с. 28]. Одним из основных критериев оценки эффективности применения минеральных удобрений принято считать окупаемость 1 кг NPK, которая должна составлять не менее 8 кг зерна или 10–12 к. ед. всеми культурами на пашне [2, с. 113; 3]. Для достижения таких результатов разбрасыватели должны выполнять качественное распределение минеральных удобрений в установленные агротехнические сроки. Критерием оценки качества распределения минеральных удобрений по площади поля выступает коэффициент вариации, который определяется как отношение стандартного отклонения к среднему значению дозы. Помимо равномерного распределения по площади поля существенное значение также имеет качественная заделка минеральных удобрений почвообрабатывающими орудиями. Что касается своевременности внесения заданных доз удобрений в установленные агротехнические сроки, то это зависит от наличия техники в хозяйствах в наиболее загруженный период, а также обеспеченности разбрасывателями удобрений высокой производительности. Необходимо учитывать, что машины химизации земледелия используются с ранней весны до поздней осени, а годовая их загрузка превышает аналогичный показатель для другой сельскохозяйственной техники. Кроме того, работа разбрасывателей удобрений сопряжена с взаимодействием с агрессивными средами, что возлагает соответствующие требования по обеспечению их надежности. Необходимо отметить, что в настоящее время для внесения средств химизации начинают активно использоваться беспилотные летательные аппараты [4, c. 2], в научной литературе все чаще появляются публикации о разработке и испытаниях наноудобрений [5, c. 319]. В этой связи для определения дальнейших тенденций совершенствования технических средств для внесения удобрений необходимо проанализировать основные стадии развития этих технических средств и выявить характерные этапы их совершенствования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the Republic of Belarus, crop yields have increased 3.5–5 times over the past 60 years due to the combined result of work in the field of breeding, mechanization of fertilizers and chemical plant protection products application, which is a significant achievement of science and practice [1, p. 28]. One of the main criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers is considered to be the payback of 1 kg of NPK, which should be at least 8 kg of grain or 10–12 feed units by all crops on arable land [2, p. 113; 3]. To achieve such results, spreaders must perform high-quality distribution of mineral fertilizers within the established agrotechnical deadlines. The criterion for assessing the quality of the distribution of mineral fertilizers over the field area is the coefficient of variation, which is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation to the average dose. In addition to uniform distribution over the field area, high-quality incorporation of mineral fertilizers with tillage tools is also essential. As for the timeliness of applying the specified doses of fertilizers within the established agrotechnical deadlines, the most important factors here are the availability of equipment at farms during the busiest period and provision of high-performance fertilizer spreaders. It should be considered, that agricultural chemicalization machines are used from early spring to late autumn, and their annual load exceeds the same indicator for other agricultural machinery. In addition, the operation of fertilizer spreaders involves interaction with aggressive media, which imposes appropriate requirements to ensure their reliability. It should be noted that currently unmanned aerial vehicles are beginning to be actively used to introduce chemicals [4, p. 2]; publications on the development and testing of nanofertilizers are increasingly appearing in the scientific literature [5, p. 319]. In this regard, in order to determine further trends in the improvement of technical means for fertilization, it is necessary to analyze the main stages of the development of these technical means and identify the distinctive stages of their improvement.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>машины для внесения удобрений</kwd><kwd>разбрасыватель</kwd><kwd>распределение удобрений</kwd><kwd>коэффициент вариации</kwd><kwd>производительность</kwd><kwd>норма внесения</kwd><kwd>доза</kwd><kwd>ширина захвата</kwd><kwd>рабочая скорость движения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fertilizer application machines</kwd><kwd>spreader</kwd><kwd>fertilizer distribution</kwd><kwd>coefficient of variation</kwd><kwd>productivity</kwd><kwd>application rate</kwd><kwd>dose</kwd><kwd>coverage</kwd><kwd>working speed</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бамбалов, Н. 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