vestiagИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия аграрных наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series1817-72041817-7239The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1817-7204-2024-62-3-224-237vestiag-764Research ArticleЗЕМЛЯРОБСТВА І РАСЛІНАВОДСТВAAGRICULTURE AND PLANT CULTIVATIONВлияние агроклиматических факторов на формирование качества и антиоксидантного комплекса винограда и вина сорта Каберне СовиньонEffect of agro-climatic factors on formation of quality and antioxidant complex of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapes and winehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5107-518XОстроуховаЕ. В.OstroukhovaE. V.

Остроухова Елена Викторовна – доктор технических наук, главный научный сотрудник.

Ул. Кирова, 31, 298600, Ялта

Elena V. Ostroukhova – Dr. Sc. (Engineering), Chief Researcher.

31, Kirov Str., 298600, Yalta

elenostroukh@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5107-518XПесковаИ. В.PeskovaI. V.

Пескова Ирина Валериевна – кандидат технических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник.

Ул. Кирова, 31, 298600, Ялта

Irina V. Peskova – Ph. D. (Engineering), Leading Researcher.

31, Kirov Str., 298600, Yalta

yarinka-73@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2401-7531БойкоВ. А.BoykoV. A.

Бойко Владимир Александрович – кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник.

Ул. Кирова, 31, 298600, Ялта

Vladimir A. Boyko – Ph. D. (Agriculture), Senior Researcher.

31, Kirov Str., 298600, Yalta

vovhim@mail.ruЛевченкоС. В.LevchenkoS. V.

Левченко Светлана Валентиновна – доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, главный научный сотрудник.

Ул. Кирова, 31, 298600, Ялта

Svetlana V. Levchenko – Dr. Sc. (Agriculture), Chief Researcher.

31, Kirov Str., 298600, Yalta

svelevchenko@rambler.ruВсероссийский национальный научно-исследовательский институт виноградарства и виноделия «Магарач» РАНAll-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking “Magarach” of the Russian Academy of Sciences202431072024623224237Copyright © Остроухова Е.В., Пескова И.В., Бойко В.А., Левченко С.В., 20242024Остроухова Е.В., Пескова И.В., Бойко В.А., Левченко С.В.Ostroukhova E.V., Peskova I.V., Boyko V.A., Levchenko S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestiagr.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/764

Изменение климата влияет на метаболизм виноградного растения, качество и биологическую ценность вин, что обусловливает необходимость поиска новых территорий для закладки виноградников. Цель работы – оценить воздействие агроэкологических условий (2016–2021 гг., Крым) на формирование комплекса фенольных антиоксидантов и качества винограда и вина сорта Каберне Совиньон. При проведении исследований использованы геоинформационное (SRTM-3, ASTER GDEM, Worldclim ver. 2.0) и математическое моделирование, метод высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии (ВЭЖХ), методы анализа химического состава винограда и вина, принятые в энохимии, статистический анализ. Установлены различия (Wilks L. ≤ 0,27; α < 0,00001) территорий произрастания винограда по теплообеспеченности – с. Угловое < с. Вилино < г. Ялта < с. Приветное, с. Солнечная Долина < с. Морское; по влагообеспеченности – с. Солнечная Долина, с. Морское, с. Приветное < с. Вилино, с. Угловое < г. Ялта. Повышение теплообеспеченности территорий сопровождалось, с одной стороны, накоплением сахаров в винограде; легко экстрагируемых антоцианов, флавонолов, (–)-эпикатехина в семенах и кожице ягод, повышением рН; с другой – интенсификацией процессов преобразования и полимеризации фенольных компонентов при созревании винограда и его переработке, приводящей к увеличению содержания процианидинов (В2, В4), доли мальвидина и снижению доли цианидина, петунидина в ягодах; снижению концентрации монои димерных фенольных антиоксидантов в винах, усилению оттенков пряностей, молочных сливок в их аромате, развитию бархатисто-танинного вкуса (r = /0,53…0,98/; α < 0,05). Повышение влагообеспеченности территорий сдерживает процесс накопления и трансформации фенольных антиоксидантов в ягодах. Вина из винограда с виноградников, расположенных в с. Угловое, с. Вилино, г. Ялта, содержали в биологически значимых количествах гидроксикоричные кислоты; с. Приветное, г. Ялта, с. Ви лино – флаван-3-олы и антоцианы. Вина из с. Морское, с. Солнечная Долина содержали в среднем в 1,6 раза меньше фенольных антиоксидантов. Результаты исследований значимы для объектно-ориентированной оценки климатических условий территорий выращивания винограда.

Climate change affects the metabolism of grape plants, quality and biological value of wine, necessitating the search for new territories to establish vineyards. The purpose of research is to assess the impact of agro-ecological conditions (2016–2021, Crimea) on the formation of a complex of phenolic antioxidants and quality of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapes and wine. The methods used are: geoinformational (SRTM-3, ASTER GDEM, Worldclim ver. 2.0) and mathematical modeling, high performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC), enochemistry appropriate practices and statistical analysis. Following differences (Wilks L. ≤ 0.27; α < 0.00001) are determined in territories of grape growing in terms of heat supply – Uglovoe < Vilino < Yalta < Privetnoe, Solnechnaya Dolina < Morskoe; in terms of moisture supply – Solnechnaya Dolina, Morskoe, Privetnoe < Vilino, Uglovoe < Yalta. Increase in heat supply of territories was accompanied by the accumulation of sugars in grapes; easily extracted anthocyanins, flavonols, (–)-epicatechin in berry seeds and skins, and pH increasing, on the one hand; and on the other hand, intensification of transformation and polymerization processes in phenolic components during grape ripening and processing, leading to increase in the content of procyanidins (B2, B4), the proportion of malvidin, and decrease in the proportion of cyanidin and petunidin in berries; decrease in the concentration of monoand dimeric phenolic antioxidants, increase in the hints of spices and milk cream in aroma, as well as development of a velvety-tannic flavor in wine. Increase in the moisture supply of territories holds the process of accumulation and transformation of phenolic antioxidants in berries. Wine from grapes of Uglovoe, Vilino and Yalta vineyards contained a biologically significant amount of hydroxycinnamic acids; from Privetnoe, Yalta and Vilino vineyards – flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins. Wine from Morskoe and Solnechnaya Dolina vineyards contained an average of 1.6 times less phenolic antioxidants. The research results are significant for an object-oriented assessment of climatic conditions of grape growing territories.

виноградникитеплои влагообеспеченностьвиноградвиноВЭЖХфенольные антиоксидантысенсорные характеристикиvineyardsheat and moisture supplygrapeswineHPLCphenolic antioxidantssensory characteristicsИсследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 20-016-00075. Авторы выражают благодарность сотрудникам Всероссийского национального научно-исследовательского института виноградарства и виноделия «Магарач» РАН: кандидату сельскохозяйственных наук Е. А. Рыбалко – за помощь в определении климатических параметров на виноградниках; А. В. Романову, Н. Ю. Лутковой, М. А. Вьюгиной – за помощь в проведении физико-химических анализовThe study was carried out with the financial support of RFBR within the framework of scientific project No. 20-016-00075. The authors express gratitude to the staff of the AllRussian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking Magarach of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Ph. D. (Agriculture) E. A. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.