vestiagИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия аграрных наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series1817-72041817-7239The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-4-305-313vestiag-725Research ArticleЖЫВЁЛАГАДОЎЛЯ І ВЕТЭРЫНАРНАЯ МЕДЫЦЫНАANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY MEDICINEИспользование насекомых в качестве альтернативного источника белка в питании сельскохозяйственной птицы: обзор (на английском языке)Insects as an alternative protein source in poultry nutrition: reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5185-9646ЭдеаЧалаEdeaChala

Эдеа Чала, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, научный сотрудник

Эфиопский институт сельскохозяйственных исследований

а/я 32

Бишофту

ResearcherID: HKV-1873-2023

Chala Edea, Ph. D. (Agricultural), Researcher

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research

P. O. Box 32, Bishoftu

Bishoftu

ResearcherID: HKV-1873-2023

chala-5@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2979-9867ВерхотуровВ. В.VerkhoturovV. V.

Василий Владимирович Верхотуров, доктор биологических наук, директор

Институт агроинженерии и пищевых систем

236022

Советский пр-т, 1

Калининград

ResearcherID: Z-1508-2018

Vasilii V. Verkhoturov, D. Sc. (Biology), Director

Institute of Agroengineering and Food Systems

236022

1, Sovetsky Ave.

Kaliningrad

ResearcherID: Z-1508-2018

biovervv@mail.ruЦентр сельскохозяйственных исследованийDebre Zeit Agricultural Research CenterKaliningrad State Technical UniversityRussian Federation202330102023614305313Copyright © Эдеа Ч., Верхотуров В.В., 20232023Эдеа Ч., Верхотуров В.В.Edea C., Verkhoturov V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestiagr.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/725

   В современном мире птицеводство является наиболее динамично развивающейся отраслью АПК, обеспечивающей население планеты продуктами животного происхождения. Вместе с тем производители мяса птицы в развивающихся странах сталкиваются с проблемами высокой стоимости и низкого качества кормов для сельскохозяйственной птицы. Ограничение использования доступных источников протеина вынуждает специалистов рассматривать возможность применения альтернативных источников белка, таких как кормовые насекомые. Благодаря высокому содержанию жировых (30–40 %) и белковых (40–60 %) компонентов и широкому распространению насекомые являются экономически эффективным и потенциально устойчивым кормовым ресурсом для кормления сельскохозяйственной птицы. Проведенные исследования подтверждают, что мука из насекомых (личинки черной львинки, комнатной мухи, большой мучной хрущак, шелкопряд, кузнечик, саранча) может рассматриваться в качестве потенциальной замены рыбной муки и соевого шрота в кормовых смесях для птицеводства. Представлен обзор научных литературных источников, в которых освещены вопросы использования насекомых в качестве источника белка и биологически активных веществ (полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты и антимикробные пептиды) при кормлении сельскохозяйственной птицы и возможность крупномасштабного клиширования насекомых для производства кормов. Приводятся сведения о химическом составе, пищевой и биологической ценности кормовой муки из насекомых в сравнении с соевой и рыбной мукой. В литературных источниках практически отсутствует информация о негативных последствиях для роста цыплят при использовании в кормлении муки из насекомых. В большинстве научных публикаций указывается на то, что физиологические показатели и продуктивность при использовании в кормлении птицы муки из насекомых практически не уступали аналогичным показателям у птиц, в рацион которых вводили соевую или рыбную муку. Таким образом, использование насекомых в качестве кормового компонента при выращивании сельскохозяйственной птицы является перспективным направлением устойчивого развития животноводства, позволяющим решить проблемы переработки отходов и рационально использовать кормовые ресурсы.

   In today’s world, poultry farming is the most dynamically developing branch of agro-industrial complex, providing the population of the planet with products of animal origin. However, poultry meat producers in developing countries face the challenges of high cost and low-quality poultry feed. Limited use of available protein sources forces professionals to consider using alternative protein sources such as forage insects. Due to high content of fat (30–40 %) and protein components (40–60 %) and wide distribution, insects are a cost-effective and potentially sustainable feed resource for poultry feeding. The conducted studies confirm that insect meal (larvae of black soldier fly, housefly, large mealworm, silkworm, grasshopper and locust) can be considered as a potential replacement for fishmeal and soybean meal in poultry feed mixtures. A review of scientific literature is presented, which highlights the use of insects as a source of protein and biologically active substances (polyunsaturated fatty acids and antimicrobial peptides) for poultry feeding and possibility of large-scale insect cliching for feed production. Information is provided on the chemical composition, nutritional and biological value of insect-based feed meal in comparison with soybean and fishmeal. There is practically no information in the literature about the negative consequences for chicken growth when using insect meal in feeding. Most scientific publications indicate that physiological indicators and productivity, when insect meal was used in poultry feeding, were practically not inferior to those in birds fed with soy or fishmeal. Thus, the use of insects as a feed component in poultry farming is a promising aspect for sustainable development of animal husbandry, which allows solving the problems of waste processing and rational use of feed resources.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.