vestiagИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия аграрных наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series1817-72041817-7239The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-2-151-161vestiag-702Research ArticleЖЫВЁЛАГАДОЎЛЯ І ВЕТЭРЫНАРНАЯ МЕДЫЦЫНАANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY MEDICINEДинамика роста показателей экстерьера и интерьера в онтогенезе у кур генофондных популяций и бройлеровDynamics of the growth of exterior and interior indicators in ontogenesis in chickens of gene pool populations and broilershttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3281-4581МакароваА. В.MakarovaA. V.

Макарова Александра Владимировна – кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, научный сотрудник отдела генетики, разведения и сохранения генетических ресурсов  сельскохозяйственных птиц

Московское шоссе, 55а, 196601, Санкт-Петербург – Пушкин

Aleksandra V. Makarova – Ph. D. (Agriculture), Researcher of the Department of Poultry Genetics, Breeding and Gene pool Preservation

55a, Moscowskoe highway, 196601, Saint Petersburg – Pushkin

admiralmak@mail.ruВахрамеевА. Б.VakhrameevA. B.

Вахрамеев Анатолий Борисович – старший научный сотрудник отдела генетики, разведения и сохранения генетических ресурсов сельскохозяйственных птиц

Московское шоссе, 55а, 196601, Санкт-Петербург – Пушкин

Anatoly B. Vakhrameev – Senior Researcher of the Department of Poultry Genetics, Breeding and Gene Pool Preservation

55a, Moscowskoe highway, 196601, Saint Petersburg – Pushkin

ab_poultry@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7927-2401ФедороваЗ. Л.FedorovaZ. L.

Федорова Зоя Леонидовна – кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела генетики, разведения и сохранения генетических ресурсов сельскохозяйственных птиц

Московское шоссе, 55а, 196601, Санкт-Петербург – Пушкин

Zoya L. Fedorova – Ph. D. (Agricultural), Senior Researcher of the Department of Poultry Genetics, Breeding and Gene pool Preservation

55a, Moscowskoe highway, 196601, Saint Petersburg – Pushkin

zoya-fspb@mail.ruВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт генетики и разведения сельскохозяйственных животных – филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л. К. Эрнста» (ВНИИГРЖ)Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding – Branch of the L. K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry202305052023612151161Copyright © Макарова А.В., Вахрамеев А.Б., Федорова З.Л., 20232023Макарова А.В., Вахрамеев А.Б., Федорова З.Л.Makarova A.V., Vakhrameev A.B., Fedorova Z.L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestiagr.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/702

Изучены закономерности интенсивности роста мышц и костей скелета по отношению к росту живой массы у цыплят комбинированного типа продуктивности и бройлеров. Объектом исследования послужили цыплята мясо-яичных популяций: опытная золотисто-полосатая (ЗП), пушкинская из биоресурсной коллекции ВНИИГРЖ и бройлеры кросса Росс 308. Рассчитаны абсолютные значения живой массы, массы мышц, длины и толщины костей скелета в разные возрастные периоды. Исследования показали, что наиболее высокой скоростью роста обладает масса грудных и ножных мышц во всех исследуемых группах. Скорость роста показателей экстерьера и интерьера с возрастом снижается неравномерно, особенно у цыплят-бройлеров. Изучена интенсивность роста мышц и костей скелета относительно роста живой массы с помощью аллометрического уравнения. Установлено, что рост грудных и ножных мышц у всех групп цыплят в период до 10 недель жизни опережает рост организма в целом. Рост костей скелета характеризуется отрицательной аллометрией. Знание закономерностей роста и развития организма птиц и отдельных его частей позволяют корректировать рацион кормления в зависимости от периода роста, отслеживать правильность развития и отклонения от нормы, а также выбирать наиболее информативные периоды для отбора племенной птицы.

Conformities of intensity of growth of muscles and bones of the skeleton in relation to the growth of body weight in chickens of the combined type of productivity and broilers have been studied. The research subject were chickens of meat and egg populations: experimental golden-striped (GS), Pushkinskaya from the bioresource collection of Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding and broilers of the Ross 308 cross. The absolute values of body weight, muscle mass, length and thickness of skeletal bones in different age periods were calculated. Studies have shown that the mass of the pectoral and leg muscles has the highest growth rate in all the studied groups. The growth rate of the exterior and interior indicators decreases unevenly with age, especially in broiler chickens. The intensity of the growth of muscles and bones of the skeleton relative to the growth of body weight has been studied using an allometric equation. Studies have shown that the growth of the pectoral and leg muscles in all groups of chickens in the period up to 10 weeks of life outstrips the growth of the body as a whole. The growth of skeletal bones is characterized by negative allometry. Knowledge of the patterns of growth and development of the bird organism and its individual parts allows to adjust the feeding diet depending on the growth period, monitor the correctness of development and deviations from the standard, as well as choose the most informative periods for the selection of breeding birds. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.