vestiagИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия аграрных наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series1817-72041817-7239The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-2-141-150vestiag-701Research ArticleЖЫВЁЛАГАДОЎЛЯ І ВЕТЭРЫНАРНАЯ МЕДЫЦЫНАANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY MEDICINEГены-маркеры продуктивного долголетия крупного рогатого скотаMarker genes for productive longevity of cattlehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4684-9830ШейкоИ. П.SheikoI. P.

Шейко Иван Павлович – академик Национальной академии наук Беларуси, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор

ул. Фрунзе, 11, 222160, Жодино, Минская обл.

Ivan P. Sheiko – Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, D. Sc. (Agriculture), Professor

11, Frunze Str., 222160, Zhodino, Minsk Region

belniig@tut.byhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8416-535XЖерносековД. Д.ZhernosekovD. D.

Жерносеков Дмитрий Данилович – доктор биологических наук, заведующий кафедрой зоологии и ботаники

пр. Московский, 33, 210038, Витебск

Dmitriy D. Zhernosekov – D. Sc. (Biology), Head of the Department of Zoology and Botany

33, Moskovsky Ave., 210038, Vitebsk

chemikdd@mail.ruПирхановГ. Г.PirhanovG. G.

Пирханов Гапланг Гадамович – преподаватель кафедры зоологии и ботаники

пр. Московский, 33, 210038, Витебск

Gaplang G. Pirhanov – Lecturer of the Department of Zoology and Botany 

33, Moskovsky Ave., 210038, Vitebsk

pirhanow1997@gmail.comНаучно-практический центр Национальной академии наук Беларуси по животноводствуScientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus on Animal HusbandryВитебский государственный университет имени П. М. МашероваVitebsk State University named after P. M. Masherov202305052023612141150Copyright © Шейко И.П., Жерносеков Д.Д., Пирханов Г.Г., 20232023Шейко И.П., Жерносеков Д.Д., Пирханов Г.Г.Sheiko I.P., Zhernosekov D.D., Pirhanov G.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestiagr.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/701

Получение высокопродуктивных сельскохозяйственных животных в молочном скотоводстве с использованием новейших биотехнологических приемов и методов с целью продления их максимального продуктивного долголетия является важнейшей мировой проблемой. Рассмотрены первостепенные задачи, которые стоят перед скотоводческими хозяйствами страны, по разработке и внедрению в практику новых методов биотехнологии и генной инженерии по выявлению генов-маркеров, отвечающих за долголетие высокопродуктивных коров. Излагаются материалы по изучению генетического потенциала животных по хозяйственно полезным признакам: интенсивность роста, молочная продуктивность, воспроизводительные качества, продуктивное долголетие и устойчивость к заболеваниям. Доказано, что этого можно достичь только благодаря целенаправленной селекции и созданию племенной базы. Установлено, что изучение аллельного полиморфизма генов-маркеров долголетия крупного рогатого скота является актуальным направлением в условиях Республики Беларусь. На современном этапе все больше внимания уделяется изучению полиморфизма ДНК-маркеров продуктивных качеств сельскохозяйственных животных. Их использование в качестве методов более объективной оценки племенных достоинств животных может ускорить и стабилизировать управление селекционными процессами. Особое внимание уделено генетической оценке и методам селекции долголетия, которые рассмотрены в научной литературе последнего десятилетия.

Obtaining highly productive farm animals in dairy cattle breeding using the latest biotechnological techniques and methods in order to extend their maximum productive life is the most important world problem. This paper sets out the priority tasks for the country’s livestock farms to develop and implement new biotechnology and genetic engineering methods in order to identify the marker genes responsible for the longevity of highly productive cows. Materials on the study of the genetic potential of animals with due consideration of the following economically useful traits are presented – growth intensity, milk productivity, reproductive performance, productive longevity and disease resistance. It has been proven that this can only be achieved through targeted selection and the creation of a breeding base. It has been established that the study of allelic polymorphism of cattle longevity marker genes is a relevant area in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. At the present stage, more and more attention is being paid to the study of polymorphism of DNA markers of production traits of farm animals. Using them as methods for a more objective assessment of breeding values of animals can accelerate and stabilize the management of selection processes. In the paper, special attention is paid to genetic evaluation and selection methods for longevity, which have been reviewed in the scientific literature of the last decade.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.