vestiagИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия аграрных наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series1817-72041817-7239The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-477-487vestiag-596Research ArticleЖЫВЁЛАГАДОЎЛЯ І ВЕТЭРЫНАРНАЯ МЕДЫЦЫНАANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY MEDICINEСоздание аутосексных пород кур для органического птицеводстваCreation of autosex chicken breeds for organic poultry farminghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3281-4581МакароваА. В.MakarovaA. V.

Макарова Александра Владимировна – кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, научный сотрудник отдела генетики, разведения и сохранения генетических ресурсов сельскохозяйственных птиц

Московское шоссе, 55а, 196601 С.-Петербург – Пушкин

Aleksandra V. Makarova - Ph.D. (Agricultural)

55a, Moscowskoe shosse, 196601 St. Petersburg - Pushkin

admiralmak@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5166-979XВахрамеевА. Б.VakhrameevA. B.

Вахрамеев Анатолий Борисович – старший научный сотрудник отдела генетики, разведения и сохранения генетических ресурсов сельскохозяйственных птиц

Московское шоссе, 55а, 196601 С.-Петербург – Пушкин

Anatoly B. Vakhrameev

55a, Moscowskoe shosse, 196601 St. Petersburg - Pushkin

ab_poultry@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0210-9344ДементьеваН. В.DementievaN. V.

Дементьева Наталия Викторовна – кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной генетики

Московское шоссе, 55а, 196601 С.-Петербург – Пушкин

Natalia V. Dementieva - Ph.D. (Biology)

55a, Moscowskoe shosse, 196601 St. Petersburg - Pushkin

dementevan@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7927-2401ФедороваЗ. Л.FedorovaZ. L.

Федорова Зоя Леонидовна – кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела генетики, разведения и сохранения генетических ресурсов сельскохозяйственных птиц

Московское шоссе, 55а, 196601 С.-Петербург – Пушкин

Zoya L. Fedorova - Ph.D. (Agricultural)

55a, Moscowskoe shosse, 196601 St. Petersburg - Pushkin

zoya-fspb@mail.ruВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт генетики и разведения сельскохозяйственных животных – филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л. К. Эрнста»Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding – Branch of the L. K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandr202105112021594477–487Copyright © Макарова А.В., Вахрамеев А.Б., Дементьева Н.В., Федорова З.Л., 20212021Макарова А.В., Вахрамеев А.Б., Дементьева Н.В., Федорова З.Л.Makarova A.V., Vakhrameev A.B., Dementieva N.V., Fedorova Z.L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestiagr.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/596

В последнее время в мире все больше увеличивается спрос на органическую продукцию. Органическое птицеводство требует дополнительных затрат за счет экстенсивного способа содержания птицы, низкой плотности посадки, наличия выгула и других условий производства органической продукции, поэтому создание специализированных пород сегодня особенно актуально. В статье приводится опыт создания аутосексной популяции Ленинградская золотисто-серая (ЛЗС) в биоресурсной коллекции «Генетическая коллекция редких и исчезающих пород кур» ВНИИГРЖ – филиал ФГБНУ ФИЦ ВИЖ им. академика Л. К. Эрнста. Точность сексирования суточных цыплят достигает 98 %. Для создания аутосексной породы кур использовались породы и популяции биоресурсной коллекции, имеющие в генотипе маркерные гены окраски оперения, сцепленные с полом. Для получения статуса породы было проведено полногеномное исследование популяции ЛЗС. Оценка уровня гомозиготности генома показала соответствие среднему уровню, характерному для консолидированных групп. Исследование генетической изменчивости характеризует популяцию ЛЗС как многочисленную. Коэффициент инбридинга у кур ЛЗС находится на безопасном уровне и является следствием интенсивной селекции. В результате создана и апробирована аутосексная популяция ЛЗС, соответствующая условиям для получения статуса породы и позволяющая наилучшим образом удовлетворять повышенным требованиям органического птицеводства. Обоснована целесообразность использования аутосексных пород для органического птицеводства за счет экономии кормов и площадей для выращивания. Принципы создания аутосексной породы из генетического материала генофондных стад могут быть применены в других селекционных программах.

Recently, the demand for organic products has been increasing in the world. Organic poultry farming requires additional costs due to the extensive method of poultry housing, low planting density, availability of paddocks and other requirements for production of organic products. Therefore, creation of specialized breeds is especially relevant today. The paper presents the experience of creating an autosex population of the Leningrad Golden-Gray (LZS) in the bioresource collection “Genetic collection of rare and endangered breeds of chickens” RRIFAGB - Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry. The accuracy of separation by sex of day-old chickens reaches 98%. To create autosex chicken breed, we used breeds and populations of the bioresource collection that have marker genes of plumage color linked to the gender in the genotype. To obtain the breed status, a genome-wide study of the LZS population was conducted. Assessment of the genome homozygosity level showed compliance with the average level characteristic of consolidated groups. The study of genetic variability characterizes the population of LZS as numerous. The inbreeding coefficient of LZS chickens is at a safe level and is a consequence of intensive selection. As a result, an autosex population of LZS was created and tested, which meets the conditions for obtaining the status of a breed and allows to meet the increased requirements of organic poultry farming in the best way. The expediency of using autosex breeds for organic poultry farming has been 478 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, agrarian Series, 2021, vol. 59, no. 4 рр. 477–487 substantiated by saving feed and growing areas. The principles of creating an autosex breed from the genetic material of gene pool herds can be applied in other breeding programs.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.