vestiagИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия аграрных наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series1817-72041817-7239The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-1-62-70vestiag-541Research ArticleЗЕМЛЯРОБСТВА І РАСЛІНАВОДСТВAAGRICULTURE AND PLANT CULTIVATIONПолиморфизм дикорастущих видов р. Malus Mill. по генам устойчивости к мучнистой росеPolymorphism of wild species of р. Malus MILL. according to powdery mildew resistance geneshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9770-8731ЛыжинА. С.LyzhinA. S.

Лыжин Александр Сергеевич – кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

ул. Мичурина, 30, 393774, Мичуринск, Тамбовская область

 

Alexander S. Lyzhin – Ph.D. (Agriculture)

30 Michurina Str., 393774 Michurinsk, Tambov region

Ranenburzhetc@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4874-7536СавельеваН. Н.Savel’evaN. N.

Савельева Наталья Николаевна – доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

ул. Мичурина, 30, 393774, Мичуринск, Тамбовская область

Natalya N. Savel’eva – D.Sc. (Biological)

30 Michurina Str., 393774 Michurinsk, Tambov region

saveleva_natalya_nic@mail.ruФедеральный научный центр им. И.В. МичуринаI.V. Michurin Federal Science Cente2021090220215916270Copyright © Лыжин А.С., Савельева Н.Н., 20212021Лыжин А.С., Савельева Н.Н.Lyzhin A.S., Savel’eva N.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestiagr.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/541

Мучнистая роса (Podosphaera leucotricha (Ell. E tEv.) Salm.) – одно из наиболее распространенных заболеваний яблони в мире. Важным этапом успешной селекционной работы по созданию устойчивых к мучнистой росе сортов яблони является идентификация исходных форм, несущих гены устойчивости. Применение диагностических ДНК маркеров целевых генов повысит надежность идентификации и эффективность селекционного процесса по созданию устойчивых генотипов яблони. Цель настоящего исследования – молекулярно-генетическое тестирование дикорастущих видов р. Malus Mill. по генам Pl-1, Pl-w и Pl-d устойчивости к мучнистой росе для выявления полиморфизма изучаемых локусов и идентификации перспективных для селекции форм. Объектами исследования являлись дикорастущие виды р. Malus Mill. различного эколого-географического происхождения. Для идентификации гена Pl-1 использовали маркер AT20-SCAR, гена Pl-w – маркер EM M02, гена Pl-d – маркер EM DM01. Маркер AT20-SCAR (ген Pl-1) идентифицирован у 37,3 % генотипов. Маркер EM M02 (ген Pl-w) выявлен у 16,4 % изучаемых форм. Маркер EM DM01 (ген Pl-d) присутствует у 10,4 % проанализированных форм. У 52,2 % анализируемых дикорастущих форм яблони в геноме присутствует хотя бы один из изучаемых молекулярных маркеров. Ген Pl-1 наиболее распространен у ягодных яблонь (серия Baccatae), ген Pl-w – у ягодных яблонь (серия Baccatae) и яблонь Зибольда (серия Sieboldinae), ген Pl-d – у восточных яблонь (серия Orientalis). Дикорастущие формы M. baccata 2319, M. mandshurica 41947, M. sachalinensis 85, M. sachalinensis 97, M. purpurea v. pendula 2396 характеризуются сочетанием генов Pl-1 и Pl-w; M. turkmenorum 13283, M. turkmenorum 29421 – генов Pl-1 и Pl-d; M. denticulata 29416 – генов Pl-w и Pl-d, что позволяет рекомендовать их в качестве перспективных комплексных источников высокой устойчивости к мучнистой росе для селекции.

Powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha (Ell. E tEv.) Salm.) – is one of the most widespread apple diseases in world. Identification of forms, carrying resistance genes, is an important stage in breeding programs aimed at obtaining powdery mildew resistant apple varieties. Diagnostic DNA markers of target genes will increase reliability of identification and efficiency of apple breeding for the creation of resistant genotypes. The purpose of this study was molecular genetic testing of wild species of genus Malus Mill. According to Pl-1, Pl-w and Pl-d powdery mildew resistance genes for revealing polymorphism of the studied loci and identification of valuable genotypes for breeding. The study subjects were the wild species of genus Malus Mill. of different ecological and geographic origin. The Pl-1 gene was identified using AT20-SCAR marker, Pl-w gene - EM M02 marker, Pl-d gene - EM DM01 marker. AT20-SCAR marker (Pl-1 gene) was identified in 37.3 % of genotypes. EM M02 marker (Pl-w gene) was detected in 16.4 % of the studied forms. EM DM01 marker (Pl-d gene) is present in 10.4 % of the analyzed forms. At least one of the studied molecular markers is present in the genome of 52.2 % of apple wild species. The Pl-1 gene in apple wild species is most spread in Baccatae series, the Pl-w gene - in Baccatae and Sieboldinae series, the Pl-d gene - in Orientalis series. Wild species M. baccata 2319, M. mandshurica 41947, M. sachalinensis 85, M. sachalinensis 97, M. purpurea v. pendula 2396 are characterized by combination of Pl-1 and Pl-w genes; M. turkmenorum 13283 and M. turkmenorum 29 421 - Pl-1 and Pl-d genes; M. denticulata 29416 - Pl-w and Pl-d genes, which allows to recommend them as promising complex sources of high powdery mildew resistance for breeding.

яблонядикорастущие видымучнистая росаустойчивостьмолекулярные маркерыгены Pl-1Pl-wPl-d 8applewild speciespowdery mildewresistancemolecular markersPl-1Pl-wPl-d genesReferencesA partial diallel study of powdery mildew resistance in six apple cultivars under three growing conditions with different disease pressures / V.G. M. Bus [et al.] // Euphytica. – 2006. – Vol. 148, N3. – P. 235–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681–005–9014–2Bus V. G. M., Ranatunga C., Alspach P. A., Oraguzie N. C., Whitworth C. A partial diallel study of powdery mildew resistance in six apple cultivars under three growing conditions with different disease pressures. Euphytica, 2006, vol. 148, no. 3, pp. 235-242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-005-9014-2The knock-down of the expression of MdMLO19 reduces susceptibility to powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) in apple (Malus domestica) / S. Pessina [et al.] // Plant Biotechnology J. – 2016. – Vol. 14, N10. – P. 2033–2044. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12562Pessina S., Angeli D., Martens S., Visser R. G., Bai Y., Salamini F., Velasco R., Schouten H. J., Malnoy M. A. The knock-down of the expression of MdMLO19 reduces susceptibility to powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) in apple (Malus domestica). Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2016, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 2033-2044. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12562Radwan, M. Effect of integrated control program of powdery mildew disease on growth and productivity of apple / M. Radwan, D. Darwesh // J. of Plant Protection a. Pathology. – 2018. – Vol. 9, N12. – P. 787–794. https://doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2018.44066Radwan M., Darwesh D. Effect of integrated control program of powdery mildew disease on growth and productivity of apple. Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology, 2018, vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 787-794. https://doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2018.44066Susuri, L.R. Podosphaera leucotricha and reaction of some apple cultivars / L.R. Susuri, H.S. Susuri, I.Z. Muja // Agron. Glasnik. – 2000. – Vol. 63, №1/2. – P. 29–39.Susuri L. R., Susuri H. S., Muja I. Z. Podosphaera leucotricha and reaction of some apple cultivars. Agronomski Glasnik, 2000, vol. 63, no. 1/2, pp. 29-39.Урбанович, О.Ю. Распространение генов устойчивости к мучнистой росе в коллекции сортов и видов яблони, выращиваемых в Беларуси / О.Ю. Урбанович, З.А. Козловская, Н.А. Картель // Молекулярная и прикладная генетика : сб. науч. тр. / Ин-т генетики и цитологии Нац. акад. наук Беларуси. – Минск, 2010. – Т. 11. – С. 20–25.Urbanovich O. Yu., Kozlovskaya Z. A., Kartel’ N. A. Spread of mildew resistance genes in the collection of apple cultivars and species grown in Belarus. Molekulyarnaya i prikladnaya genetika: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Molecular and applied genetics: a collection of scientific papers]. Minsk, 2010, vol. 11, pp. 20-25 (in Russian).Создание иммунных к парше генотипов яблони с комплексом ценных агробиологических признаков / Е.В. Ульяновская [и др.] // Плодоводство и виноградарство Юга России. – 2011. – №10 (4). – С. 14–30.Ul’yanovskaya E. V., Suprun I. I., Sedov E. N., Sedysheva G. A., Serova Z. M. Creation of the apple-tree genotypes immune to scab and with complex of valuable agrobiological traits. Plodovodstvo i vinogradarstvo Yuga Rossii = Fruit Growing and Viticulture of South of Russia, 2011, no. 10 (4), pp. 14-30 (in Russian).A European project: D.A. R.E – durable apple resistance in Europe (FAIR5 CT97–3898) durable resistance of apple to scab and powdery-mildew: one step more towards an environmental friendly orchard / Y. Lespinasse [et al.] // Acta Horticulturae. – 2000. – N538. – P. 197–200. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2000.538.32Lespinasse Y., Durel C. E., Laurens F., Chevalier M., Pinet C., Parisi L. A European project: D. A. R.E - durable apple resistance in Europe (FAIR5 CT97-3898) durable resistance of apple to scab and powdery-mildew: one step more towards an environmental friendly orchard. Acta Horticulturae, 2000, no. 538, pp. 197-200. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2000.538.32Якуба, Г.В. Технология защиты яблони от болезней с применением отечественных фунгицидов / Г.В. Якуба // Садоводство и виноградарство. – 2016. – №4. – С. 33–39. https://doi.org/10.18454/VSTISP.2016.4.2841Yakuba G. V. Apple technologies protection from diseases with domestic fungicides application. Sadovodstvo i vinogradarstvo = Horticulture and Viticulture, 2016, no. 4, pp. 33-39 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.18454/VSTISP.2016.4.2841Bioefficacy studies of new fungicide molecules (Proquinazid 20 EC) against powdery mildew of apple / T.R. Rather [et al.] // J. of Pharmacognosy a. Phytochemistry. – 2019. – Vol. 8, N1. – P. 1963–1965.Rather T. R., Bhat Z. A., Pandit B. A., Shiekh K., Malik A. R., Ganai M. A. Bioefficacy studies of new fungicide molecules (Proquinazid 20 EC) against powdery mildew of apple. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2019, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1963-1965.Эффективность отбора сеянцев яблони в школке на устойчивость к парше и мучнистой росе / И.И. Супрун [и др.] // Плодоводство и виноградарство Юга России. – 2016. – №38 (2). – С. 117–129.Suprun I. I., Nasonov A. I., Yakuba G. V., Lobodina E. V., Barsukova O. N. Effective selection of apple seedlings in a seed plot on resistance to scab and powder mildew. Plodovodstvo i vinogradarstvo Yuga Rossii = Fruit Growing and Viticulture of South of Russia, 2016, no. 38 (2), pp. 117-129 (in Russian).Comparative efficacy of bio control agent bacillus subtilis and fungicides against powdery mildew of apple / M. Nasir [et al.] // J. of Agr. Research. – 2017. – Vol. 55, N1. – P. 75–84.Nasir M., Idress M., Iqbal B., Hussain M., Mohy-ud-Din G., Ayub M. Comparative efficacy of bio control agent bacillus subtilis and fungicides against powdery mildew of apple. Journal of Agricultural Research, 2017, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 75-84.Palmer, C. «Greening» agriculture in the developing world / C. Palmer // Rural 21. – 2008. – Vol. 42, N3. – P. 30–32.Palmer C. «Greening» agriculture in the developing world. Rural 21, 2008, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 30-32.Жученко, А.А. Биологизация и экологизация интенсификационных процессов в сельском хозяйстве / А.А. Жученко // Вестн. ОрелГАУ. – 2009. – №3 (18). – С. 8–12.Zhuchenko A. A. Biologization and greening of intensification processes in agriculture. Vestnik OrelGAU, 2009, no. 3 (18), pp. 8-12 (in Russian).Gorgitano, M.T. Life cycle economic and environmental assessment for a greening agriculture / M.T. Gorgitano, M. Pirilli // Quality – Access to Success. – 2016. – Vol. 17, suppl. 1. – P. 181–185.Gorgitano M. T., Pirilli M. Life cycle economic and environmental assessment for a greening agriculture. Quality – Access to Success, 2016, vol. 17, suppl. 1, pp. 181-185.Breeding of new apple cultivars in Belarus / Z. Kazlouskaya [et al.] // Proc. of the Latv. Acad. of Sciences. Sect. B, Natural, Exact, a. Appl. Sciences. – 2013. – Vol. 67, N2. – P. 94–100. https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2013–0015Kazlouskaya Z., Hashenka T., Vaseha V., Yarmolich S. Breeding of new apple cultivars in Belarus. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences, 2013, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 94-100. https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2013-0015Savel’ev, N.I. Genetic diversity of genus Malus Mill. for scab resistance genes. / N.I. Savel’ev, A.S. Lyzhin, N.N. Savel’eva // Russ. Agr. Sciences. – 2016. – Vol. 42, N5. – P. 310–313. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068367416050189Savel’ev N. I., Lyzhin A. S., Savel’eva N. N. Genetic diversity of genus Malus Mill. for scab resistance genes. Russian Agricultural Sciences, 2016, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 310-313. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068367416050189Investigation of wild species potential to increase genetic diversity useful for apple breeding / C. Dan [et al.] // Genetika. – 2015. – Vol. 47, N3. – P. 993–1011. https://doi.org/10.2298/gensr1503993dDan C., Sestras A., Bozdog C., Sestras R. Investigation of wild species potential to increase genetic diversity useful for apple breeding. Genetika, 2015, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 993-1011. https://doi.org/10.2298/gensr1503993dСавельев, Н.И. Отбор перспективных генотипов яблони на колонновидность и устойчивость к парше с помощью диагностических ДНК-маркеров / Н.И. Савельев, А.С. Лыжин, Н.Н. Савельева // Вавил. журн. генетики и селекции. – 2016. – Т. 20, №3. – С. 329–332. https://doi.org/10.18699/VJ16.122Savel’ev N. I., Lyzhin A. S., Savel’eva N. N. Selection of promising apple genotypes for columnar growth habit and scab resistance using diagnostic DNA markers. Vavilovskii zhurnal genetiki i selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding, 2016, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 329-332 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.18699/VJ16.122Лыжин, А.С. Создание генетических паспортов подвойных форм яблони на основе анализа полиморфизма микросателлитных последовательностей ДНК / А.С. Лыжин // Достижения науки и техники АПК. – 2019. – Т. 33, №2. – С. 11–13. https://doi.org/10.24411/0235–2451–2019–10203Lyzhin A. S. Creation of genetic passports of apple rootstock forms on the basis of microsatellite DNA polymorphism. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK = Achievements of Science and Technology in Agro-Industrial Complex, 2019, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 11-13 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10203Mapping of the apple powdery mildew resistance gene Pl1 and its genetic association with an NBS-LRR candidate resistance gene / F. Dunemann [et al.] // Plant Breeding. – 2007. – Vol. 126, N5. – P. 476–481. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439–0523.2007.01415.xDunemann F., Peil A., Urbanietz A., Garcia-Libreros T. Mapping of the apple powdery mildew resistance gene Pl1 and its genetic association with an NBS-LRR candidate resistance gene. Plant Breeding, 2007, vol. 126, no. 5, pp. 476-481. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2007.01415.xEvans, K. Identification of SCAR markers linked to Pl-w mildew resistance in apple / K. Evans, C. James // Theoretical a. Appl. Genetics. – 2003. – Vol. 106, N7. – P. 1178–1183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122–002–1147–2Evans K., James C. Identification of SCAR markers linked to Pl-w mildew resistance in apple. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2003, vol. 106, no. 7, pp. 1178-1183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-002-1147-2James, C.M. Identification of molecular markers linked to the mildew resistance gene Pl-d in apple / C.M. James, J.B. Clarke, K.M. Evans // Theoretical a. Appl. Genetics. – 2004. – Vol. 110, N1. – P. 175–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122–004–1836–0James C. M., Clarke J. B., Evans K. M. Identification of molecular markers linked to the mildew resistance gene Pl-d in apple. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2004, vol. 110, no. 1, pp. 175-181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-004-1836-0Identification of PCR-based markers linked to the powdery-mildew-resistance gene Pl1 from Malus robusta in cultivated apple / T. Markussen [et al.] // Plant Breeding. – 1995. – Vol. 114, N6. – P. 530–534. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439–0523.1995.tb00850.xMarkussen T., Kruger J., Schmidt H., Dunemann F. Identification of PCR-based markers linked to the powdery-mildew-resistance gene Pl1 from Malus robusta in cultivated apple. Plant Breeding, 1995, vol. 114, no. 6, pp. 530-534. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1995.tb00850.xPatzak, J. Identification of apple scab and powdery mildew resistance genes in Czech Apple (Malus × domestica) genetic resources by PCR molecular markers / J. Patzak, F. Paprštein, A. Henychová // Czech J. of Genetics a. Plant Breeding. – 2011. – Vol. 47, N4. – P. 156–165.Patzak J., Paprštein F., Henychová A. Identification of apple scab and powdery mildew resistance genes in Czech Apple (Malusçdomestica) genetic resources by PCR molecular markers. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2011, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 156-165.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.