vestiagИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия аграрных наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series1817-72041817-7239The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1817-7204-2020-58-1-13-23vestiag-474Research ArticleЭКАНОМIКАECONOMICSСоглашение ВТО по сельскому хозяйству и особенности его выполнения в условиях Республики БеларусьWTO Agreement on agriculture and peculiarities of its implementation under the conditions of the Republic of BelarusКиреенкоН. В.KireyenkaN. V.

Киреенко Наталья Владимировна – доктор экономических наук, доцент, заместитель директора по научной работе

ул. Казинца, 103, 220108, Минск

Natallia V. Kireyenka – D.Sc. (Economics)

103 Kazintsa Str., Minsk 220108

natallia_kireenko@mail.ruИнститут системных исследований в АПК Национальной академии наук БеларусиThe Institute of System Researches in Agro-Industrial Complex of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus2020100220205811323Copyright © Киреенко Н.В., 20202020Киреенко Н.В.Kireyenka N.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestiagr.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/474

В статье представлены этапы становления и развития Соглашения ВТО по сельскому хозяйству, его структура и содержание основных разделов. Установлено, что сельское хозяйство является одной из стратегических и уязвимых отраслей экономики любого государства, развитие которого определяет уровень национальной экономической и продовольственной безопасности. Определено, что принятый документ устанавливает систему правил и обязательств стран в отношении мер сельскохозяйственной политики, касающихся регулирования доступа на рынок, внутренней поддержки, экспортной конкуренции. Обоснованы современные тенденции развития агропродовольственной сферы Беларуси в части сельскохозяйственного производства, продовольственной безопасности, внешней торговли. Выделены особенности выполнения Соглашения ВТО по сельскому хозяйству в условиях республики, учитывающие внешние и внутренние факторы конкурентоспособности отрасли. На уровне страны предложены направления развития сельскохозяйственной торговой политики, совершенствования мер поддержки, не попадающих под обязательства по ограничению в соответствии с международными требованиями Всемирной торговой организации, обеспечения конкурентных преимуществ на зарубежных аграрных рынках. Отмечено, что перспективные направления и критерии эффективного функционирования агропродовольственной сферы должны учитывать национальные приоритеты, предусматривать меры и механизмы развития конкурентоспособного и экологически безопасного производства сельскохозяйственной продукции, расширения рыночной инфраструктуры, создания благоприятных организационно-экономических условий функционирования отрасли, формирования ее научно-инновационного потенциала. Раскрытые в статье вопросы представляют интерес при выработке комплекса мер по повышению эффективности внешней торговли в условиях расширения участия страны в международной и региональной торгово-экономической интеграции, совершенствовании механизмов регулирования сельского хозяйства, развития системы продвижения агропродовольственных товаров на внутренний и внешний рынки.

The article presents the stages of formation and development of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture, its structure and content of the main sections. It has been established that agriculture is one of the strategic and vulnerable sectors of the economy of any state, the development of which determines the level of national economic and food security. It is determined that the adopted document establishes a system of rules and obligations of countries in relation to agricultural policy measures related to the regulation of market access, domestic support, and export competition. The current trends in the development of the agri-food sector of Belarus in terms of agricultural production, food security, foreign trade are justified. The features of the implementation of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture in the conditions of the republic, taking into account external and internal factors of industry competitiveness, are highlighted. At the country level, directions for the development of agricultural trade policy, improvement of support measures that do not fall under obligations to limit in accordance with international requirements of the World Trade Organization, and ensure competitive advantages in foreign agricultural markets are proposed. It was noted that promising areas and criteria for the effective functioning of the agri-food sector should take into account national priorities, provide measures and mechanisms for the development of competitive and environmentally friendly production of agricultural products, expand market infrastructure, create favorable organizational and economic conditions for the functioning of the industry, and form its scientific and innovative potential. The issues disclosed in the article are of interest in developing a set of measures to increase the efficiency of foreign trade in the context of expanding the country’s participation in international and regional trade and economic integration, justifying mechanisms for improving agricultural regulation, and developing a system for promoting agri-food products on the domestic and foreign markets.

сельское хозяйствоВсемирная торговая организациясельскохозяйственная продукциядоступ импорта на рынокнетарифные мерытарифные квотыспециальная система защитных мервнутренняя поддержкамеры «желтой корзины»меры «зеленой корзины»критерий минимумаэкспортные субсидииэкспортная конкуренцияспециальный и дифференцированный режимagriculturethe World Trade Organizationagricultural productsimport access to the marketnon-tariff measurestariff quotasspecial protective systemdomestic supportyellow box measuresgreen box measuresminimum criteriaexport subsidiesexport competitionspecial and differential modeThe study was carried out in the context of the following research programs and tasks: 1. The state program of scientific research “Quality and Efficiency of Agro-Industrial Production” for 2016-2020, subprogram 1 “Economics of Agriculture”, approved by Decree of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus dated June 10, 2015 No. 483, task 1.3 “Study of theoretical and methodological foundations the effective functioning of the national food system, improving the foreign economic activity of the agro-industrial complex, methods and mechanisms for managing the quality of agricultural products in conditions deepening regional and international integration” for 2016-2018 (No. GR 20160862). 2. The state scientific and technical program “Agro-industrial complex-2020” for 2016-2020, the subprogram “Agro-industrial complex - efficiency and quality”, approved by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus dated March 12, 2015 No. 190, task 1.1 “Develop a system of scientifically based recommendations ensuring the stable and effective functioning of the national food market, foreign trade policy of the agricultural sector of Belarus, the formation of a mechanism for state regulation of the quality of agricultural products in conditions of development of world trade and economic space” for 2016-2018 (No. GR 20163615).ReferencesAnderson K. Measuring effects of trade policy distortions: how far have we come. The World Economy, 2003, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 413-440. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9701.00530Anderson K. Measuring effects of trade policy distortions: how far have we come. The World Economy, 2003, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 413-440. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9701.00530Bora B., Kuwahara A., Laird S. Quantification of non-tariff measures. Policy issues in international trade and commodities. Study series, no. 18. New York, Geneva, UN, 2002. 41 p.Bora B., Kuwahara A., Laird S. Quantification of non-tariff measures. Policy issues in international trade and commodities. Study series, no. 18. New York, Geneva, UN, 2002. 41 p.Chen N., Novy D. Trade integration, and heterogeneity across industries. Journal of International Economics, 2011, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 206-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2011.07.005Chen N., Novy D. Trade integration, and heterogeneity across industries. Journal of International Economics, 2011, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 206-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2011.07.005Mansfield E. D., Busch М. L. The political economy of non-tariff barriers: a cross-national analysis. International Organization, 1995, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 723-749.Mansfield E. D., Busch М. L. The political economy of non-tariff barriers: a cross-national analysis. International Organization, 1995, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 723-749.Tarr D. G. (ed.). Handbook of trade policy and WTO accession for development in Russia and the CIS. Moscow, Ves’ mir Publ., 2006. 588 p. (in Russian).Tarr D. G. (ed.). Handbook of trade policy and WTO accession for development in Russia and the CIS. Moscow, Ves’ mir Publ., 2006. 588 p. (in Russian).Walkenhorst P. Pervasiveness and patterns of non-tariff measures affecting EU agri-food exports. Agricultural Economics Review, 2004, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 45-55.Walkenhorst P. Pervasiveness and patterns of non-tariff measures affecting EU agri-food exports. Agricultural Economics Review, 2004, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 45-55.Serkov A. F., Maslova V. V., Chekalin V. S. (et al.). Russian agribusiness: price relations in the context of the transition to an export-oriented economy and integration in the EAEU. Moscow, Nauchnyi konsul’tant Publ., 2019. 294 p. (in Russian).Serkov A. F., Maslova V. V., Chekalin V. S. (et al.). Russian agribusiness: price relations in the context of the transition to an export-oriented economy and integration in the EAEU. Moscow, Nauchnyi konsul’tant Publ., 2019. 294 p. (in Russian).Serova E. V., Shik O. V. World agrarian policy. Moscow, Publishing House of the Higher School of Economics, 2007. 407 p. (in Russian).Serova E. V., Shik O. V. World agrarian policy. Moscow, Publishing House of the Higher School of Economics, 2007. 407 p. (in Russian).Dyumulen I. I. World Trade Organization: economics, politics, law. 3rd ed. Moscow, Russian Foreign Trade Academy, 2012. 360 p. (in Russian).Dyumulen I. I. World Trade Organization: economics, politics, law. 3rd ed. Moscow, Russian Foreign Trade Academy, 2012. 360 p. (in Russian).Dyumulen I. I. Non-tariff measures in modern international trade: some questions of the theory; practice and rules of the WTO; Russia’s interests. Rossiiskii vneshneekonomicheskii vestnik = Russian Foreign Economic Journal, 2016, no. 2, pp. 3-20 (in Russian).Dyumulen I. I. Non-tariff measures in modern international trade: some questions of the theory; practice and rules of the WTO; Russia’s interests. Rossiiskii vneshneekonomicheskii vestnik = Russian Foreign Economic Journal, 2016, no. 2, pp. 3-20 (in Russian).Kiselev S. V. State regulation of agriculture in the conditions of transition economy. Moscow, Institute of Economics RAS, 1994. 179 p. (in Russian).Kiselev S. V. State regulation of agriculture in the conditions of transition economy. Moscow, Institute of Economics RAS, 1994. 179 p. (in Russian).Paptsov A. G., Shelamova N. A. World agrofood system and global climatic changes. APK: ekonomika, upravlenie = AIC: economics, management, 2017, no. 11, pp. 81-94 (in Russian).Paptsov A. G., Shelamova N. A. World agrofood system and global climatic changes. APK: ekonomika, upravlenie = AIC: economics, management, 2017, no. 11, pp. 81-94 (in Russian).Serova E., Karlova N. The GATT Uruguay round agreement on agriculture and the impact of Russia’s accession to the WTO on the agri-food sector [Electronic resource]. Available at: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTRANETTRADE/Resources/WBI-Training/ch21.pdf (accessed: 22.08.2019) (in Russian).Serova E., Karlova N. The GATT Uruguay round agreement on agriculture and the impact of Russia’s accession to the WTO on the agri-food sector [Electronic resource]. Available at: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTRANETTRADE/Resources/WBI-Training/ch21.pdf (accessed: 22.08.2019) (in Russian).Sutyrin S. F., Trofimenko O. Yu. (eds.). WTO membership: a new stage in Russia’s participation in the international trade system. 2 nd ed. Moscow, Prospekt Publ., 2014. 318 p. (in Russian).Sutyrin S. F., Trofimenko O. Yu. (eds.). WTO membership: a new stage in Russia’s participation in the international trade system. 2 nd ed. Moscow, Prospekt Publ., 2014. 318 p. (in Russian).Tarasov V. I., Svinukhov V. G., Sukhov S. M. Non-tariff measures of protection of the agri-food market. Moscow, International Center for Scientific and Technical Information, 2005. 128 p. (in Russian).Tarasov V. I., Svinukhov V. G., Sukhov S. M. Non-tariff measures of protection of the agri-food market. Moscow, International Center for Scientific and Technical Information, 2005. 128 p. (in Russian).Ushachev I. G. (ed.). Development of agriculture of and increasing its competitiveness under the conditions of integration in the EAEU. Moscow, Rosinformagrotekh Publ., 2018. 348 p. (in Russian).Ushachev I. G. (ed.). Development of agriculture of and increasing its competitiveness under the conditions of integration in the EAEU. Moscow, Rosinformagrotekh Publ., 2018. 348 p. (in Russian).Gusakov V. G., Bаygot M. S. WTO regulation of foreign trade of agricultural products and food: rules and norms. Minsk, Belorusskaya nauka Publ., 2007. 200 p. (in Russian).Gusakov V. G., Bаygot M. S. WTO regulation of foreign trade of agricultural products and food: rules and norms. Minsk, Belorusskaya nauka Publ., 2007. 200 p. (in Russian).Gusakov V. G., Baygot M. S., Belsky V. I. Foreign trade relations of Belarus and the European Union in the agricultural sector: problems and prospects. Minsk, The Institute of System Research in Agroindustrial Complex of NAS of Belarus, 2012. 190 p. (in Russian).Gusakov V. G., Baygot M. S., Belsky V. I. Foreign trade relations of Belarus and the European Union in the agricultural sector: problems and prospects. Minsk, The Institute of System Research in Agroindustrial Complex of NAS of Belarus, 2012. 190 p. (in Russian).Gusakov V. G., Belsky V. I., Baygot L. N., Kotkovets N. N., Baygot M. S., Makutsenya E. P., Salov D. S., Snopkova I. N. Consequences for the agro-industrial complex in connection with the entry of Belarus into the World Trade Organization. Minsk, The Institute of Economics, 2007. 87 p. (in Russian).Gusakov V. G., Belsky V. I., Baygot L. N., Kotkovets N. N., Baygot M. S., Makutsenya E. P., Salov D. S., Snopkova I. N. Consequences for the agro-industrial complex in connection with the entry of Belarus into the World Trade Organization. Minsk, The Institute of Economics, 2007. 87 p. (in Russian).Baygot M. S. Mechanisms for regulating the foreign economic activity of Belarus in the agricultural sector: issues of theory, methodology, practice. Minsk, Belaruskaya navuka Publ., 2010. 367 p. (in Russian).Baygot M. S. Mechanisms for regulating the foreign economic activity of Belarus in the agricultural sector: issues of theory, methodology, practice. Minsk, Belaruskaya navuka Publ., 2010. 367 p. (in Russian).Belsky V. I. The economic mechanism of state regulation of agricultural production: theory, methodology, practice. Minsk, The Institute of System Research in Agroindustrial Complex of NAS of Belarus, 2018. 265 p. (in Russian).Belsky V. I. The economic mechanism of state regulation of agricultural production: theory, methodology, practice. Minsk, The Institute of System Research in Agroindustrial Complex of NAS of Belarus, 2018. 265 p. (in Russian).Belsky V. I., Karpovich N. V. The mechanism of balanced development of foreign trade in agri-food products of Belarus within the EAEU. Minsk, The Institute of System Research in Agroindustrial Complex of NAS of Belarus, 2019. 199 p. (in Russian).Belsky V. I., Karpovich N. V. The mechanism of balanced development of foreign trade in agri-food products of Belarus within the EAEU. Minsk, The Institute of System Research in Agroindustrial Complex of NAS of Belarus, 2019. 199 p. (in Russian).Mikhnevich S. I. The multilateral system of regulation of international trade and economic relations. 2 nd ed. Minsk, Pravo i ekonomika Publ., 2006. 252 p. (in Russian).Mikhnevich S. I. The multilateral system of regulation of international trade and economic relations. 2 nd ed. Minsk, Pravo i ekonomika Publ., 2006. 252 p. (in Russian).Turban G. V. The World Trade Organization: the interaction of the state and business. Minsk, Belprint Publ., 2009. 143 p. (in Russian).Turban G. V. The World Trade Organization: the interaction of the state and business. Minsk, Belprint Publ., 2009. 143 p. (in Russian).Belsky V. I., Teterkina A. M., Lychagina E. S. Scientific proposals on the formation of the negotiating position of the Republic of Belarus upon entry into the WTO in the field of price support for agriculture. Minsk, The Institute of System Research in Agroindustrial Complex of NAS of Belarus, 2018. 68 p. (in Russian).Belsky V. I., Teterkina A. M., Lychagina E. S. Scientific proposals on the formation of the negotiating position of the Republic of Belarus upon entry into the WTO in the field of price support for agriculture. Minsk, The Institute of System Research in Agroindustrial Complex of NAS of Belarus, 2018. 68 p. (in Russian).Kazakevich I. A. Easy-term loan as a measure of AIC state support within the EAEU and WTO. Vestsi Natsyyanal’nai akademii navuk Belarusi. Seryya agrarnykh navuk = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian series, 2017, no. 2, pp. 36-47 (in Russian).Kazakevich I. A. Easy-term loan as a measure of AIC state support within the EAEU and WTO. Vestsi Natsyyanal’nai akademii navuk Belarusi. Seryya agrarnykh navuk = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian series, 2017, no. 2, pp. 36-47 (in Russian).Akhramovich V. The methodical approaches to the estimation of agrifood export potential. Agrarnaya ekonomika = Agrarian Economics, 2014, no. 8, pp. 43-50 (in Russian).Akhramovich V. The methodical approaches to the estimation of agrifood export potential. Agrarnaya ekonomika = Agrarian Economics, 2014, no. 8, pp. 43-50 (in Russian).Shpak A., Kireyenka N., Baygot L., Kandratenka S. Agribusiness Development Strategy of the Republic of Belarus to the increased competition in the global food market. Agrarnaya ekonomika = Agrarian Economics, 2015, no. 8, pp. 2-8 (in Russian).Shpak A., Kireyenka N., Baygot L., Kandratenka S. Agribusiness Development Strategy of the Republic of Belarus to the increased competition in the global food market. Agrarnaya ekonomika = Agrarian Economics, 2015, no. 8, pp. 2-8 (in Russian).Kandratenka S. A. Sustainable development of the regional agri-food complex: theory, methodology, practice. Minsk, The Institute of System Research in Agroindustrial Complex of NAS of Belarus, 2019. 286 p. (in Russian).Kandratenka S. A. Sustainable development of the regional agri-food complex: theory, methodology, practice. Minsk, The Institute of System Research in Agroindustrial Complex of NAS of Belarus, 2019. 286 p. (in Russian).Gusakov V. G., Baygot M. S., Baygot L. N., Kireyenka N. V., Karpovich N. V., Guk E. P. The guidelines for the development of foreign trade relations in connection with the need for regional and international integration in the agricultural sector, including Belarus joining the WTO. Nauchnye printsipy regulirovaniya razvitiya APK: predlozheniya i mekhanizmy realizatsii 2012 [Scientific principles for regulating the development of the agricultural sector: proposals and implementation mechanisms 2012]. Minsk, 2012, pp. 37-44 (in Russian).Gusakov V. G., Baygot M. S., Baygot L. N., Kireyenka N. V., Karpovich N. V., Guk E. P. The guidelines for the development of foreign trade relations in connection with the need for regional and international integration in the agricultural sector, including Belarus joining the WTO. Nauchnye printsipy regulirovaniya razvitiya APK: predlozheniya i mekhanizmy realizatsii 2012 [Scientific principles for regulating the development of the agricultural sector: proposals and implementation mechanisms 2012]. Minsk, 2012, pp. 37-44 (in Russian).Kireyenka N. V., Kazakevich I. A. Diversification of state support of Belarus’s agriculture with regard to international requirements and obligations. Belorusskii ekonomicheskii zhurnal = Belarusian Economic Journal, 2018, no. 4, pp. 65-76 (in Russian).Kireyenka N. V., Kazakevich I. A. Diversification of state support of Belarus’s agriculture with regard to international requirements and obligations. Belorusskii ekonomicheskii zhurnal = Belarusian Economic Journal, 2018, no. 4, pp. 65-76 (in Russian).

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.