vestiagИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия аграрных наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series1817-72041817-7239The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1817-7204-2018-56-2-175-187vestiag-292Research ArticleЗЕМЛЯРОБСТВА І РАСЛІНАВОДСТВAAGRICULTURE AND PLANT CULTIVATIONГОМОЛОГИЯ В СТРОЕНИИ РАСТЕНИЙ СТРЕЛКУЮЩЕЙ И НЕСТРЕЛКУЮЩЕЙ ФОРМ ЧЕСНОКА (Allium sativum L.)MORPHOLOGICAL HOMOLOGY OF BOLTING AND NON-BOLTING GARLIC FORMS (Allium sativum L.)ПавловаИ. В.PavlovaI. V.

кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник

Ph.D. (Biology)

hakuroshya@yahoo.comКупреенкоН. П.KupreenkoN. P.

кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, заведующий отделом холодостойких культур

Ph.D. (Agriculture)

belonion@mail.ruЦареваЕ. Г.TsaryovaE. G.

педагог дополнительного образования

helen_tsarova@tut.byИнститут овощеводства, Национальная академия наук Беларуси, аг. Самохваловичи, Минский районInstitute of Vegetable Growing, the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Samokhvalovichy, Minsk regionГУДО Борисовский центр экологии и туризма, Борисов, Минская областьBorisov Center for Ecology and Tourism, Borisov, Minsk region201821052018562175187Copyright © Павлова И.В., Купреенко Н.П., Царева Е.Г., 20182018Павлова И.В., Купреенко Н.П., Царева Е.Г.Pavlova I.V., Kupreenko N.P., Tsaryova E.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestiagr.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/292

В настоящее время отсутствие местных селекционных районированных сортов с высокой урожайностью и устойчивостью к агробиологическим факторам сдерживает расширение посевных площадей в фермерских хозяйствах. Кроме этого, существует проблема поддержания чистосортности образцов из-за изменчивости фенотипических характеристик в зависимости от величины посадочного материала, дислокации и метеоусловий. В связи с этим актуален поиск путей преодоления вариабельности хозяйственно-биологических признаков чеснока в процессе селекции и семеноводства в отечественных условиях. В статье показано, что в ходе искусственного отбора у чеснока произошла редукция половой системы, однако очевидно наличие источников вариабельности признаков при вегетативном размножении. Обозначена перспектива производства новых сортов чеснока с использованием ботанических семян за счет включения в селекцию разнообразных генотипов и использования аллогамии и рекомбинации. Показано, что для привлечения классической селекции чеснока ведется поиск цветущих форм. Рассмотрена гомология в строении луковиц стрелкующей и нестрелкующей форм чеснока. Дана оценка потомству чеснока из воздушных бульбочек, сопоставлено строение луковиц различных форм чеснока, на примере яровой формы охарактеризовано потомство нестрелкующего чеснока из внутренней и наружной частей луковицы. Полученные данные могут быть использованы в селекционной и семеноводческой работе с культурой.

 

The lack of local breeding zoned varieties with high yield and resistance to agrobiological factors inhibits the expansion of crop areas in farms. In addition, there is a problem of maintaining the cleanliness of the samples due to the variability of the phenotypic characteristics, depending on the size of the planting material, dislocation and weather conditions. In this connection, the search for ways to overcome the variability of economic and biological traits of garlic in the selection and seed-growing process in domestic conditions is still relevant. It is shown in the article that during the artificial selection of garlic, reduction of the reproductive system occurred, but it is obvious that there are sources of variability during vegetative reproduction. Perspective of production of new garlic varieties using botanical seeds is identified via inclusion of various genotypes in selection and use of allogamy and recombination. It is shown that flowering forms are searched in order to attract classical selection of garlic. Homology is considered in structure of bulbs of bolting and non-bolting garlic forms. Estimation of garlic progeny from air bulb is given. On the example of spring form, the offspring of non-bolting garlic from the inner and outer parts of the bulb is characterized. The obtained data can be used in selection and seed production of the crop.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.