vestiagИзвестия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия аграрных наукProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series1817-72041817-7239The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"vestiag-267Research ArticleЗЕМЛЯРОБСТВА І РАСЛІНАВОДСТВAAGRICULTURE AND PLANT CULTIVATIONСЕПТОРИОЗЫ ЗЕРНОВЫХ КУЛЬТУР И ИХ ВРЕДОНОСНОСТЬSEPTORIA ON CEREALS AND ITS HARMFUL EFFECTКрупенькоН. А.KrupenkoN. A.

кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник

ул. Мира, 2, 223011 

Ph.D. (Biological)

2 Mira Str., 223011

sklimenokn@gmail.comЖукЕ. И.ZhukE. I.

кандидат с.-х. наук, старший научный сотрудник

ул. Мира, 2, 223011

Ph.D. (Agricultural)

2 Mira Str., 223011

zhuk.lena@gmail.comБугаС. Ф.BugaS. F.

доктор с.-х. наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник

ул. Мира, 2, 223011

D.Sc. (Agricultural), Professor

2 Mira Str., 223011

bel.phit@gmail.comЖуковскийА. Г.ZhukovskyA. G.

кандидат с.-х. наук, заведующий

лаборатория фитопатологии

ул. Мира, 2, 223011

Ph.D. (Agricultural)

2 Mira Str., 223011

zhukow_a@mail.ruИнститут защиты растений, Национальная академия наук Беларуси, аг. Прилуки, Минский р-нThe Institute of Plant Protection, the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, ag. Priluki, Minsk District201712122017046675Copyright © Крупенько Н.А., Жук Е.И., Буга С.Ф., Жуковский А.Г., 20172017Крупенько Н.А., Жук Е.И., Буга С.Ф., Жуковский А.Г.Krupenko N.A., Zhuk E.I., Buga S.F., Zhukovsky A.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestiagr.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/267

В настоящее время во многих странах мира, в том числе и в Республике Беларусь, в посевах озимой и яровой пшеницы, озимого тритикале получил широкое распространение септориоз. Септориоз зерновых культур вызывается несколькими видами возбудителей: на листьях в посевах изучаемых культур болезнь вызывает в основном гриб Septoria tritici Desm., а начиная с фазы колошения – Stagonospora nodorum (Berk.) E. Castell. & Germano. Развитие септориоза листьев зависит от гидротермических условий вегетационного сезона и сортовых особенностей. Анализ поражаемости зерновых культур септориозом за последние 20 лет свидетельствует о существенных изменениях в формировании фитопатологического состояния посевов. Например, в посевах озимой и яровой пшеницы развитие комплекса болезней листового аппарата, при доминировании септориоза, достигало максимума в вегетационные сезоны 2006–2010 гг. по сравнению с таковыми других пятилеток, когда средний индекс развития болезней достигал 34,3 % с отклонениями от 22,4 до 55,9 % и 40,9 % с колебаниями от 31,0 до 75,1 % соответственно. В последние годы (2011–2015 гг.) развитие болезни в посевах этих культур понизилось до 15,7 % (4,3–40,5 %) и 32,2 % (0,2–73,0 %). В посевах озимого тритикале более высокая степень поражения листьев комплексом болезней (38,8 %) отмечалась в условиях 2001–2005 гг. при колебании этого показателя в пределах 14,9–72,5 %, тогда как в 1996–2000 гг. (самое низкое развитие) в среднем 11,3 % с отклонениями от 1,6 до 20,0 %. В развитии септориоза колоса озимой пшеницы наблюдается тенденция снижения степени поражения с 36,7 % (2001–2005 гг.) до 19,7 % (2011–2015 гг.), озимого тритикале, наоборот, роста в эти периоды от 26,3 до 36,3 %. Колос яровой пшеницы интенсивнее поражался во все годы наблюдений септориозом: в 2001–2005 гг. – 34,8 %, 2006– 2010 гг. – 62,3 %, 2011–2015 гг. – 44,7 %. 

Nowadays septoria has become widespread in many countries of the world, including in the Republic of Belarus, in winter and spring wheat crops and winter triticale. Septoria of cereal crops is caused by several types of pathogens: on leaves in the crops of studied cultures this disease is caused mainly by fungus Septoria tritici Desm., and since paniculation phase – Stagonospora nodorum (Berk.) E. Castell. & Germano. Development of leaves septoria depends on hydrothermal conditions of growing season and varietal characteristics. Analysis of cereal crops damage by septoria over the last 20 years indicates significant changes in phytopathological state of crops. For instance, in winter and spring wheat crops, the development of a complex of diseases of the leaf apparatus, with the dominance of septoria, reached its maximum in the vegetation seasons of 2006–2010 compared with those of other five-year periods, when the average index of disease development reached 34.3 % with deviations from 22.4 to 55.9 % and 40.9 % with fluctuations from 31.0 to 75.1 %, respectively. In recent years (2011–2015), the development of the disease in the crops of these crops has decreased to 15.7 % (4.3–40.5 %) and 32.2 % (0.2–73.0 %). There was a higher damage degree of leaves with a complex of diseases in winter triticale crop (38.8 %) was recorded in conditions of 2001–2005 at fluctuation of this indicator within the range of 14.9–72.5 %, whereas in 1996–2000 (the lowest development) on average 11.3 % with deviations from 1.6 to 20.0 %. There is a tendency to damage degree reduction in winter wheat septoria development from 36.7 % (2001–2005) to 19.7 % (2011–2015), in winter triticale on the contrary, growth in these periods from 26.3 to 36.3 %. Head of spring wheat was more intensively damaged by septoria during all the years of observations – 34.8 % in 2001–2005, 62.3 % in 2006–2010, and 44.7 % in 2011–2015.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.